We must also say that not all those who had estates in the Indies were so bad as to commit such great sins. On the contrary, there were many who deplored and strongly denounced such acts. There were men who had passed through great hardships, misery, and hunger such as cannot be briefly described; many had lost their lives in the exploration and subjugation of the Indies, leaving wives and children behind them. These resented their fathers' Indians being placed under the direct authority of the King, and the _encomienda_ they held being taken from them, as it had been granted for certain lives. But this was not sufficient excuse for taking up arms, for his Majesty would have listened to the petitions of those who humbly approached him. The laws having been made and ordained, they were proclaimed with the sound of a trumpet in the city of Seville, and are as follows:-- NEW LAWS _Don Carlos_ by the divine clemency Emperor always august, King of _Germany_; Doña Juana his mother, and Don Carlos himself, by the grace of God, King of _Castille_, of _Leon_, of _Arragon_, of _the two Sicilies_, of _Jerusalem_, of _Navarre_, of _Granada_, of _Toledo_, of _Valencia_, of _Galicia_, of _Majorca_, of _Sevilla_, of _Sardinia_, of _Cordova_, of _Corsica_, of _Murcia_, of _Jaen_, of the _Algarves_, of _Algeciras_, of _Gibraltar_, of the _Canary Isles_, of _the Indies_, islands and mainland of the Ocean Sea, Counts of _Barcelona_, Lords of _Biscay_ and of _Molina_, Dukes of _Athens_ and _Neopatria_, Counts of _Roussillon_ and of _Cerdania_, Marquises of _Oristan_ and of _Gociano_, Archdukes of _Austria_, Dukes of _Burgundy_ and _Brabant_, Counts of _Flanders_ and the _Tyrol_--to the most illustrious Prince Philip our very dear and beloved grandson and son,[163] to the Infantes our grandsons and sons, to the President of our Council of the Indies, to our Viceroys, Presidents and Judges of our _Audiencias_, and Royal Chancelleries of our said Indies, islands and mainland of the Ocean Sea, and our Governors, Chief Alcaldes and other Magistrates thereof, and to all our Councils, Justices, Aldermen, Knights, Squires, officials and citizens of all our cities, towns, and settlements in our said Indies, islands and mainland of the Ocean Sea, discovered and to be discovered, and to all other persons, captains, explorers or settlers, inhabitants or natives of whatever estate, quality, condition or position they may be, as well those who are already there as those who may come hereafter, to each one and to all of you in your offices and jurisdictions, to whom this our letter may be shown, or a copy of it signed by a public notary, or who may become acquainted with a part of it or its contents or anything which pertains or may pertain to any part of it in any way whatsoever: to you all health and greeting.