Spencer, Judge: 138. Stage lines: 207. Stage trip: description of, 213. Star of empire: 38. Steam, era of: causes great change in America, 362. Steamboat: first one built on the Ohio River, 187; run regularly on western rivers, 201. Steiner, Michael: 99, 108. Stewart, John: 103; killed by Indians, 104. Stewart, William: 78. Stone, Uriah: 101. Stoner, Michael: 99, 108. Streams: their appeal to explorers, 292. Strode, Martha: 80. Stuart, John: 103. Stuart, Robert: 294. Sturges, Jonathan: 369, 370. Sublette, William: 295. Sugar: price of in running camps, 203. Sumpter mule: 202. Supplies: how received by outlying posts, 198; taken to Montana mining camps, 211. Sweden: emigration to the United States, 408. Sylvania: 69. Taylor, Colonel: foot-note, 83. Tennessee: saved to the Union, 58; by whom peopled, 88; part included in Free State of Franklin, 125; honors John Sevier, 125; early form of government, 130; first literary institution in, 131. Tennent: 85. Texans: harass western commerce, 273. Texas: size, 172; population, 174; declared independent, 174; situation in after declaration of independence, 177. Thermopylæ: 149. Thimblerig: 176, 181. Thomas, Philip Evans: 347-349. Thorne, captain of the Tonquin: 330-331. Timber lands: being abandoned, 375. Tonquin: ship of Astor, 330-331. Trade, caravan: its extent, 281; goods carried, 282; carried on by southern-western men, 282. Trail: the Iroquois, 47; the Santa Fé, 260; the Oregon, 287. Tramell, Colonel: 230. Transportation: in its infancy, 64; difficulty of, leads to attempts of secession, 124; its importance in early days, 191; means employed in early times, 328. Transylvania University: 79. Travel: difficulties of in the West, 212. Travis: 177. Travois, The: 196. Tucker, Benjamin: 41. Two Medicine: The valley of, 341. Ulster, Ireland: 84. Ulster Scots: 83-86. Union Pacific Railroad: 209, 365. Van Buren: 183. Verendrye, Sieur de la: explores the West in 1742, 265; one of the first to tread the Oregon trail, 294. Victoria Cross: 115. Villard, Henry: 368. Virginia City, Montana: market reports, 214. Virginia: noted as a breeding ground for horses, 26; men from built Harrodsburg and Boonesborough, 42; part included in Free State of Franklin, 125. Virginia, West: part included in Free State of Franklin, 125. Von Humboldt, Baron: 287. Wagon train: description of, 209. Walker, J. R.: goes to the Pacific, 315-318. Walker, Doctor Thomas: 98, 101. Wallace, John: 80. Wallace, Rev. J. W.: 80. Washington, George: canal, 67; birth, 94; defeated at Great Meadows, 96; on the Ohio River, 101; friend of Sevier, 128, 140. Washington: authorities at, unable to be firm with France, Spain and England, 59. Washington College: 132.