The White Eagle of PolandBenson, E. F. (Edward Frederic)
History
The White Eagle of Poland
Benson, E. F. (Edward Frederic)
Poland -- History -- German occupation, 1914-1918; Polish question
To quiet the growing disgust with Germany, von Beseler made a journey to
Berlin, and returned with the German Government’s consent that a Regent
should be established, _but_ (this “but” was a familiar feature in
German indulgences) they had not yet arrived at agreement “with regard
to the person of the Regent.” This, of course, again postponed the
appointment of a Regent _sine die_, and rendered meaningless the further
promise that the Germans were resolved to leave Warsaw as soon as the
Regency had been established in such a way that the zones of German and
Austrian occupation came under his authority. In other words, though
they were resolved to appoint a Regent and thereupon leave Warsaw, they
intended to remain in possession because (in spite of their resolve)
they could not settle on a Regent. Austria had designated a Habsburg
Regent, and Germany a Hohenzollern: the appointment of either would
remove Poland too far away from the “sphere” of the other power, and
therefore Poland must wait. But this message from Berlin, delivered by
von Beseler, is of interest, because it shows that there was still some
sort of vitality in the policy of the “Austrian solution,” or, if not
vitality, the force of inert resistance. If it could not create, it
could veto. Next month (June, 1917), after a further ineffectual protest
from the Council of State and a threat of resignation, the German and
Austrian Governments both reaffirmed their desire to appoint a Regent.
Neither could do it without the consent of the other, and it served the
purposes of both to give no effective government to Poland. They agreed,
in fact, to differ, since their differing effected the point on which
they were perfectly agreed. For the same reason the joint resolution of
the Polish Deputies in the Reichsrat and of the Diet of Galicia for
Polish unification with access to the sea was the mere tap of a ripple
against a stone breakwater. Austria would certainly have granted that at
the expense of Germany, but could refer to Germany even as Mr. Spenlow
referred to the obduracy of his partner Jorkins. The Central Empires,
though they might disagree with each other, were unanimous in
disregarding any obligation they had entered into with regard to Poland.
Austria would not give way to Germany, nor Germany to Austria, and as
far as Poland was concerned, this disagreement postponed any solution of
the political _impasse_. All the time famine was raging in Russian
Poland, and also in Lithuania, where the mortality among children was
terrible. Yet still parcels of food could be sent to Germany by
occupying troops, without deducting from the food-rations of the
recipients, and still Germany refused to guarantee--whatever her
guarantee might be worth--that foreign relief for the starving Poles
should be used for them and not for exportation into Germany.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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