The Wild Tribes of Davao District, Mindanao: The R. F. Cummings Philippine ExpeditionCole, Fay-Cooper
History
The Wild Tribes of Davao District, Mindanao: The R. F. Cummings Philippine Expedition
Cole, Fay-Cooper
Ethnology -- Philippines -- Mindanao Island
The strip of cloth (Plate XXXVIII) was intended for the center breadth
in a woman's skirt and shows the typical designs employed in the best
garments.
The extensive use of beads is shown in Plates XXXIX-XL. Carrying bags,
clothing, combs, necklaces, armlets, belts and sheath covers are
partially covered with or made up of colored beads, always in designs,
yet very few of these patterns have generally accepted meanings or
names. The same holds true of the designs in shell disks, which, on the
finer garments, take the place of beads. A few exceptions to this are
found in which realistic patterns appear in (Plate XXXIb and Fig. 34).
FIG. 34. REALISTIC PATTERNS IN BEADS AND SHELL DISKS.
Like the bead work, the embroidery and applique found on many garments
are added "to make pretty." Some of this work is quite fine, but in
general that of recent years is either inferior to that found on old
garments or is borrowed from, or made by, the Bila-an women. Some
garments, with designs produced by oversewing before dyeing, are seen
here, but they are recent importations from the Kulaman or Tagakaolo
tribes.
Necklaces and leglets are made of rattan and are decorated with burned
lines or by being overlaid with platted strips of orchid and fern
cuticle (Fig. 2).
A few rare specimens, such as personal ornaments or basket rims, have
sewed in designs in which the sewing has been done with fern cuticle
(Plate XXXIVb).
Incised patterns appear on nearly all the bamboo lime and tobacco
holders, but here individual fancy plays such an important part that a
hundred specimens might be examined without finding duplicate patterns.
Fig. 14. shows nine of these tubes covered with cut-in designs, yet only
one figure, that marked X in _b_ could be identified. This was said to
be the familiar crocodile.
Coming to the work in brass and copper we encounter an entirely new type
of design. In some cases straight inlaid or overlaid strips and twisted
wires are used to ornament the specimen; while in the raised and cut-in
lines on the bells we find simple patterns. In the main, however, the
ornamentation on this class of material consists of complicated scrolls
(Plate XLI), designs suggesting flower or tree patterns, or
conventionalized figures. One only needs to compare these objects with
similar specimens from Borneo and the Malayan Islands of the South, to
find the source of this type of ornamentation.[53] In fact the imitation
of Moro wares is practiced today. In Plate XLIa and b are shown two
betel nut boxes--No. 1 the work of the Samal Moro, No. 2 the imitation of
the inlaid work on the top of the first specimen. This last was made in
my presence, and with the expressed intention of duplicating the Moro
box. However, in this case, as in all others, the Bagobo caster did not
attempt to exactly reproduce the work of another, but simply borrowed a
broad idea, and thus he often creates new forms.
[53] See LING ROTH, Oriental Silver Work.
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