(1) My fight against _the feeling of sin_ and the introduction of the notion of _punishment_ into the physical and metaphysical world, likewise into psychology and the interpretation of history. The recognition of the fact that all philosophies and valuations hitherto have been saturated with morality. (2) My identification and my discovery of the _traditional_ ideal, of the Christian ideal, even where the dogmatic form of Christianity has been wrecked. The _danger of the Christian ideal_ resides in its valuations, in that which can dispense with concrete expression: my struggle against _latent Christianity_ (for instance, in music, in Socialism). (3) My struggle against the eighteenth century of Rousseau, against his "Nature," against his "good man," his belief in the dominion of feeling--against the pampering, weakening, and moralising of man: an ideal born of the _hatred of aristocratic culture,_ which in practice is the dominion of unbridled feelings of resentment, and invented as a standard for the purpose of war (the Christian morality of the feeling of sin, as well as the morality of resentment, is an attitude of the mob). (4) My fight against _Romanticism,_ in which the ideals of Christianity and of Rousseau converge, but which possesses at the same time a yearning for that _antiquity_ which knew of sacerdotal and aristocratic culture, a yearning for _virtù,_ and for the "strong man"--something extremely hybrid; a false and imitated kind of _stronger_ humanity, which appreciates extreme conditions in general and sees the symptom of strength in them ("the cult of passion"; an imitation of the most expressive _forms, furore espressivo,_ originating not out of plenitude, but out _of want)._--(In the nineteenth century there are some things which are born out of relative plenitude--_i.e._ out of _well-being;_ cheerful music, etc.--among poets, for instance, Stifter and Gottfried Keller give signs of more strength and inner well-being than--. The great strides of engineering, of inventions, of the natural sciences and of history (?) are relative products of the strength and self-reliance of the nineteenth century.) (5) My struggle against the _predominance of gregarious instincts,_ now science makes common cause with them; against the profound hate with which every kind of order of rank and of aloofness is treated. 1022.