[148] Tupaia. [149] Chiroptera. [150] Pteropus vulgaris. [151] The Magot, Macacusinuus. [152] Naturalists now class monkeys under the order “Primates” (or highest forms), together with man, and they have given up the term Quadrumana, or four-handed, because, although the feet grasp like hands, they are _true feet_. Nevertheless, this term is very useful; and, if properly understood, expresses the grasping power of the four feet characteristic of the group. [153] Platyrrhine monkeys, from _Platus_ broad, _rhines_ nostrils. [154] Except the marmosets, which have a peculiar dentition of their own. [155] Catarrhine monkeys; _kata_ downward, _rhines_ nostrils. [156] See Parkyns’ _Life in Abyssinia_. [157] Hylobates, or walker in the woods. [158] Malay: _Orang_ man, _utan_ forest. [159] The Dinocerata of the Middle Eocene of America. These gigantic extinct animals, with tusks and horns, but very small brains, are believed by Professor Marsh to have connected the two groups the elephants and the hoofed animals among the early milk-givers. [160] Anoplotherium; for this form and others, see p. 256. [161] Paleotherium. [162] Eohippus. [163] Xiphodon. [164] See picture heading. [165] See picture heading. [166] See p. 213, and picture heading, p. 209. [167] The genealogy of the horse is so important, that it may be well to give a table of the seven principal stages, though transitions are known even between these. Period. In Front Hind No. of In America. Toes. Toes. Teeth. Europe. {Recent -- } 1 1 Equus.} 7. { and } --------- --------- 40 } {Upper Pliocene Equus} 2 splints 2 splints Equus.} 1 1 6. Upper Pliocene Pliohippus --------- --------- 42 -- 2 splints 2 splints 1 large 1 large 5. Lower Pliocene Protohippus ------- ------- 44 Hipparion. 2 small 2 small 4. Upper Miocene Miohippus 3 3 44 Anchitherium. 3 3. Lower Miocene Mesohippus -------- 3 44 -- 1 splint 2. Upper Eocene Orohippus 4 3 44 -- 4 1. Lower Eocene Eohippus -------- 3 44 -- 1 splint [168] See table, above. [169] Cameleopardalis. [170] See heading of chapter. [171] Compare this with the Deer with the one-spiked antler in the picture heading. [172] In the African elephant; in the Indian they are smaller, and the female has none. [173] Mustelus. [174] Herpestes. [175] Canis lupus.