The Wonder Book of Knowledge: The Marvels of Modern Industry and Invention, the Interesting Stories of Common Things, the Mysterious Processes of Nature Simply Explained
History
The Wonder Book of Knowledge: The Marvels of Modern Industry and Invention, the Interesting Stories of Common Things, the Mysterious Processes of Nature Simply Explained
Industrial arts -- History
Not at all. It is true that we do not see things upside down, but this
is because of mental readjustment during the passage of the impressions
from the eye to the brain.
Now let us suppose that we have our camera loaded with film, and that
mother has succeeded in keeping the baby quiet long enough for us to
uncover the lens for an instant and let the points of light through to
the film. The next question is, how are we going to make the resulting
image permanent. We know that it is there, but in its present state it
is not going to do us a great deal of good. In fact, if we should peek
in the back of the camera, and to do so would ruin the exposure, we
could not even see it.
But let us go back a bit. We ought to know a little something about the
composition of this film on which the image has been projected.
In brief, film is a cellulose base coated with silver bromide and
gelatine. If we were using a plate the only difference would be that
instead of cellulose as a base we would have a sheet of glass. The
gelatine is there to afford lodgment to this sensitized silver. The
silver, being sensitive to the action of light, is there to record the
image. As soon as one of these silver particles has been touched by
light, it becomes imbued with the power of holding whatever the lens has
transmitted to it. The image was formed, we remember, by points of light
grouped in the same relative positions as the points of light of the
object we were photographing. Consequently it is only those silver
particles within the image-forming area that are affected, because that
is where the light struck.
The lens, then, gathered in the points of light and dispersed them on
the film so as to form an image. The silver particles held this image,
but not visibly--it is a latent image, and it is the purpose of
development to bring it out.
It is the particular business of a chemical called “pyro” to release
this latent image. When attacked by pyro, those silver bromide particles
which have been affected by light--and only those--change to black
metallic silver. After all the silver bromide particles, the ones that
held the image, have been transformed into metallic silver, another
chemical called “hypo” effectively disposes of all the silver bromide
that was not affected by light. Now only the image-forming silver
bromide particles remain, and these have been transformed to metallic
silver. The result is a permanent image--a negative.
But it _is_ a negative, so called because everything in it is
reversed--not only from left to right, but in the details of the image.
Mother’s dark blue gown looks light, for example, and baby’s white
dress, dark.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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