The Wonders of Instinct: Chapters in the Psychology of InsectsFabre, Jean-Henri
Science
The Wonders of Instinct: Chapters in the Psychology of Insects
Fabre, Jean-Henri
Insects; Instinct
The suspension-cable is incomparably stronger than the rest of the work
and lasts for an indefinite time. The web is generally shattered after
the night's hunting and is nearly always rewoven on the following
evening. After the removal of the wreckage, it is made all over again,
on the same site, cleared of everything except the cable from which the
new network is to hang.
Once the cable is laid, in this way or in that, the Spider is in
possession of a base that allows her to approach or withdraw from the
leafy piers at will. From the height of the cable she lets herself slip
to a slight depth, varying the points of her fall. In this way she
obtains, to right and left, a few slanting cross-bars, connecting the
cable with the branches.
These cross-bars, in their turn, support others in ever changing
directions. When there are enough of them, the Epeira need no longer
resort to falls in order to extract her threads; she goes from one cord
to the next, always wire-drawing with her hind-legs. This results in a
combination of straight lines owning no order, save that they are kept
in one nearly perpendicular plane. Thus is marked out a very irregular
polygonal area, wherein the web, itself a work of magnificent
regularity, shall presently be woven.
In the lower part of the web, starting from the centre, a wide opaque
ribbon descends zigzag-wise across the radii. This is the Epeira's
trade-mark, the flourish of an artist initialling his creation. "Fecit
So-and-so," she seems to say, when giving the last throw of the shuttle
to her handiwork.
That the Spider feels satisfied when, after passing and repassing from
spoke to spoke, she finishes her spiral, is beyond a doubt: the work
achieved ensures her food for a few days to come. But, in this
particular case, the vanity of the spinstress has naught to say to the
matter: the strong silk zigzag is added to impart greater firmness to
the web.
THE LIME-SNARE.
The spiral network of the Epeirae possesses contrivances of fearsome
cunning. The thread that forms it is seen with the naked eye to differ
from that of the framework and the spokes. It glitters in the sun,
looks as though it were knotted and gives the impression of a chaplet
of atoms. To examine it through the lens on the web itself is scarcely
feasible, because of the shaking of the fabric, which trembles at the
least breath. By passing a sheet of glass under the web and lifting it,
I take away a few pieces of thread to study, pieces that remain fixed
to the glass in parallel lines. Lens and microscope can now play their
part.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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