The science of the vital phenomena, which we call physiology, is for the most part the physiology of work, or ergology; it investigates the functions of the living organism, and has to reduce them as closely as possible to physical and chemical laws. Vegetable ergology deals with what are called the vegetative functions, nutrition and reproduction; animal ergology studies the animal activities of movement and sensation. Psychology is directly connected with the latter. But the study of the relations of the organism to its environment, organic and inorganic, also belongs to physiology in the wider sense; we call this part of it perilogy, or the physiology of relations. To this belong chorology, or the science of distribution (also called biological geography, as it deals with geographical and topographical distribution), and œcology or bionomy (also recently called ethology), the science of the domestic side of organic life, of the life-needs of organisms and their relations to other organisms with which they live (biocenosis, symbiosis, parasitism). THIRD TABLE SYNOPSIS OF THE CHIEF BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY (1869) BIOLOGY = THE SCIENCE OF LIFE The four chief branches of systematic biology. I. Protistology = the science of single cells--unicellular organisms. II. Botany = the science of plants--tissue plants (metaphyta). III. Zoology = the science of animals--tissue animals (metazoa). IV. Anthropology = the science of man--speaking primates. ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ A. MORPHOLOGY = THE SCIENCE OF FORMS. │ │ Anatomy and biogeny of organisms. │ ├────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────┤ │A I. ANATOMY. │A II. BIOGENY. │ │The science of structure. │The science of development. │ │1. TECTOLOGY. │3. PHYLOGENY. │ │The science of structure. │Stem history. │ │Cytology, science of cells. │Paleontology and genealogy. │ │Histology, science of tissues. │Transformism or theory of descent.│ │Organology, science of organs. │Natural classification. │ │Blastology, science of persons. │ ──── │ │Kormology, science of trunks. │ │ │ ──── │4. ONTOGENY. │ │2. PROMORPHOLOGY. │4_a_. Embryology. │ │The science of fundamental │(Development within the │ │forms. Knowledge of the geometrical │fœtal membranes.) │ │ideal forms (mathematically │4_b_. Metamorphology. │ │definable) in relation │(Modification of the organism │