At first glance, you discover three main divisions; these are the
different ranks of tiers, the _caveæ_. There are three caveæ--the
lowermost, the middle, and the upper ones. The lowermost was considered
the most select. It comprised only the four first rows of benches, or
seats, which were broader and not so high as the others. These were the
places reserved for magistrates and other eminent persons. Thither they
had their seats carried and also the _bisellia_, or benches for two
persons, on which they alone had the right to sit. A low wall, rising
behind the fourth range and surmounted with a marble rail that has now
disappeared, separated this lowermost cavea from the rest. The duumviri,
the decurions, the augustales, the ædiles, Holconius, Cornelius Rufus,
and Pansa, if he was elected, sat there majestically apart from common
mortals. The middle division was for quiet, every-day, private citizens,
like ourselves. Separated into wedge-like corners (_cunei_) by six
flights of steps cutting it in as many places, it comprised a limited
number of seats marked by slight lines, still visible. A ticket of
admission (a _tessera_ or domino) of bone, earthenware, or bronze--a
sort of counter cut in almond or _en pigeon_ shape, sometimes too in the
form of a ring--indicated exactly the cavea, the corner, the tier, and
the seat for the person holding it. Tessaræ of this kind have been found
on which were Greek and Roman characters (a proof that the Greek would
not have been understood without translation). Upon one of them is
inscribed the name of Æschylus, in the genitive; and hence it has been
inferred that his "Prometheus" or his "Persians" must have been played
on the Pompeian stage, unless, indeed, this genitive designated one of
the wedge-divisions marked out by the name or the statue of the tragic
poet. Others have mentioned one of these counters that announced the
representation of a piece by Plautus,--the _Casina_; but I can assure
you that the relic is a forgery, if, indeed, such a one ever existed.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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