The wonders of the world : $b a complete museum, descriptive and pictorial, of the wonderful phenomena and results of nature, science and artAbbott, John Loraine
Science
The wonders of the world : $b a complete museum, descriptive and pictorial, of the wonderful phenomena and results of nature, science and art
Abbott, John Loraine
Curiosities and wonders
The largest iron-works in England are carried on in Colebrookdale, in
Shropshire. This spot, which is situated between two towering and
variegated hills, covered with wood, possesses peculiar advantages, the
ore being obtained from the adjacent hills, the coals from the vale, and
abundance of limestone from the quarries in the vicinity. The romantic
scenery which nature here exhibits, and the works which are carried on,
seem to realize the ancient fable of the Cyclops. The noise of the
forges, mills, &c., with all their vast machinery, the flames bursting
from the furnaces, with the burning coal, and the smoke of the
lime-kilns, are altogether horribly sublime. To complete the
peculiarities of the spot, a bridge, entirely constructed of iron, is
here thrown over the Severn. In one place it has parted, and a chasm is
formed; but such is its firm basis, that the fissure has neither injured
its strength nor utility.
The great superiority of Swedish iron over that of all other countries,
for the manufacture of steel, is well known, and is ascribed to the
great purity of the ore from which the iron is smelted. The British
steel-makers have found it difficult to employ British iron in their
processes, it being too brittle to bear cementation; but attempts have
been made at Sheffield, with some success. Wootz, a species of steel
from India, has been successfully used for nicer kinds of cutlery. One
of the most remarkable of the Swedish mines, if the name can with
propriety be applied to it, is Tabern, a mountain of a considerable
size, composed entirely of pure iron ore, and occurring in a large tract
of sand, over which it seems to have been deposited. This mountain has
been wrought for nearly three centuries, notwithstanding which its size
is scarcely diminished.
But the richest iron mine of Sweden is that of Danmora, in the province
of Upland. It is in depth eighty fathoms; occupies a considerable extent
of territory; and its ore is conveyed to the surface of the earth,
through several pits or openings made for that purpose, by means of
casks fixed to large cables, which are put in motion by horses. The
workmen standing on the edges of these casks, and having their arms
clasped round the cable, descend and ascend with the utmost composure.
The water is drawn from the bottom by a wheel sixty-six feet in
diameter, and is afterward conveyed along an aqueduct nearly a mile and
a half in length. At certain distances from Danmora, are several
furnaces, with large and populous villages exclusively inhabited by the
miners.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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