Election to Congress from Boston.--State of Parties.--Meeting of the Eighteenth Congress.--Mr. Webster's Resolution and Speech in favor of the Greeks.--Argument in the Supreme Court in the Case of Gibbons and Ogden.--Circumstances under which it was made.--Speech on the Tariff Law of 1824.--A complete Revision of the Law for the Punishment of Crimes against the United States reported by Mr. Webster, and enacted.--The Election of Mr. Adams as President of the United States.--Meeting of the Nineteenth Congress, and State of Parties.--Congress of Panama, and Mr. Webster's Speech on that Subject.--Election as a Senator of the United States.--Revision of the Tariff Law by the Twentieth Congress.--Embarrassments of the Question.--Mr. Webster's Course and Speech on this Subject. In the autumn of 1822, Mr. Webster consented to be a candidate for Congress for the city (then town) of Boston, and was chosen by a very large majority over his opponent, Mr. Jesse Putnam. The former party distinctions, as has been already observed, had nearly lost their significance in Massachusetts, as in some other parts of the country. As a necessary, or at least a natural consequence of this state of things, four candidates had already been brought forward for the Presidential election of November, 1824; namely, Mr. John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts, Mr. Clay of Kentucky, General Jackson of Tennessee, and Mr. Crawford of Georgia. Mr. Calhoun of South Carolina and Mr. Lowndes of the same State had also both been nominated by their friends at an early period of the canvass; but the latter was soon removed by death, and Mr. Calhoun withdrew his pretensions in favor of General Jackson. All the candidates named had either originally belonged to the old Democratic party (or Republican party as it was then more usually called), or had for many years attached themselves to it; but no one of them was supported on that ground. Mr. Crawford alone had attempted to avail himself of the ancient party machinery, so far as to accept a nomination by a Congressional caucus of his friends. They formed, however, but a minority of the Republican members of Congress, and the signal failure of the nomination contributed to the final abandonment of that mode of procedure. No Presidential candidate has since been nominated by a Congressional caucus. In the canvass of 1824, it was the main effort of the friends of all the candidates, by holding out the prospect of a liberal basis of administration, to draw to themselves as many as possible of the old Federal party. In Massachusetts, and generally in New England, the fusion of parties was complete, and Mr. Adams received their united support. In the Middle States the union was less perfect, and the votes of a large proportion of the old Federal party were given to General Jackson and Mr. Crawford.