The works of Francis Maitland Balfour, Volume 1 (of 4) : $b Separate memoirsBalfour, Francis M. (Francis Maitland)
Science
The works of Francis Maitland Balfour, Volume 1 (of 4) : $b Separate memoirs
Balfour, Francis M. (Francis Maitland)
Embryology; Zoology
In the non-embryonic parts of the blastoderm no fresh features of interest
have appeared. It still consists of two layers. The epiblast is composed of
flattened cells, and the lower layer of a network of more rounded cells,
elongated in a lateral direction. The growth of the blastoderm has
continued to be very rapid.
In the region of the embryo (Pl. 7, fig. 9) more important changes have
occurred. The epiblast still remains as a single row of columnar cells. The
hypoblast is no longer fused with the mesoblast, and forms a distinct
dorsal wall for the alimentary cavity. Though along the axis of the embryo
the hypoblast is composed of a single row of columnar cells, yet in the
lateral part of the embryo its cells are less columnar and are one or two
deep.
Owing to the manner in which the mesoblast became split off from the
hypoblast, a continuity is maintained between the hypoblast and the lower
layer cells of the blastoderm (Pl. 7, fig. 9), while the two plates of
mesoblast are isolated and disconnected from any other masses of cells.
The alimentary cavity is best studied in transverse sections. (Vide Pl. 7,
fig. 10_a_, 10_b_ and 10_c_, three sections from the same embryo.) It is
closed in above and at the sides by the hypoblast, and below by the yolk.
In its anterior part a floor is commencing to be formed by a growth of
cells from the walls of the two sides. The cells for this growth are formed
around the nuclei of the yolk; a feature which recalls the fact that in
Amphibians the ventral wall of the alimentary cavity is similarly formed in
part from the so-called yolk cells.
We left the mesoblast as two masses not completely separated from the
hypoblast. During this stage the separation between the two becomes
complete, and there are formed two great lateral plates of mesoblast cells,
one on each side of the medullary groove. Each of these corresponds to a
united vertebral and lateral plate of the higher Vertebrates. The plates
are thickest in the middle and posterior regions (Pl. 7, fig. 10_a_ and
10_b_), but thin out and almost vanish in the region of the head. The
longitudinal section of this stage represented in Pl. 7, fig. 9, passes
through one of the lateral masses of mesoblast cells, and shews very
distinctly its complete independence of all the other cells in the
blastoderm.
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