The works of Francis Maitland Balfour, Volume 1 (of 4) : $b Separate memoirsBalfour, Francis M. (Francis Maitland)
Science
The works of Francis Maitland Balfour, Volume 1 (of 4) : $b Separate memoirs
Balfour, Francis M. (Francis Maitland)
Embryology; Zoology
Further growths have taken place in the organs of sense, especially in the
eye, in which the involution for the lens has made considerable progress.
The number of the muscle-plates has again increased, but there is still a
region of unsegmented mesoblast in the tail. The thickened portions of
mesoblast which caused the tail-swellings are still to be seen and would
seem to act as the reserve from which is drawn the matter for the rapid
growth of the tail, which occurs soon after this. The mass of the mesoblast
at the base of the brain has again increased. No fresh features of interest
are to be seen in the notochord. The heart is now much more conspicuous
than before, and its commencing flexure is very apparent. It now beats
actively. The hind gut especially is much longer than in the last specimen;
and the point where the anus will appear is very easily detected by the
bulging out of the gut towards the external skin at that point (_an._). The
alimentary vesicle, first observable during the last stage, is now a more
conspicuous organ (_al.v._). Three visceral clefts, none of which are as
yet open to the exterior, may now be seen.
K.
The figures G, H, I are representations of living and transparent embryos,
but the remainder of the figures are drawings of opaque embryos which were
hardened in chromic acid.
The stalk connecting the embryo with the yolk is now, comparatively
speaking, quite narrow, and is of sufficient length to permit the embryo to
execute considerable movements.
The tail has grown immensely, but is still dilated terminally. This
terminal dilatation is mainly due to the alimentary vesicle, but the tract
of gut connecting this with the gut in front of the anus is now a solid rod
of cells and very soon becomes completely atrophied.
The two pairs of limbs have appeared as elongated ridges of epiblast. The
anterior pair is situated just at the front end of the umbilical stalk; and
the posterior pair, which is the more conspicuous of the two, is situated
some little distance behind the stalk.
The cranial flexure has greatly increased, and the angle between the long
axis of the front part of the head and of the body is less than a right
angle. The conspicuous mid-brain forms the anterior termination of the long
axis of the body. The thin roof of the fourth ventricle may in the figure
be noticed behind the mid-brain. The auditory sac is nearly closed and its
opening is not shewn in the figure. In the eye the lens is completely
formed.
Owing to the opacity of the embryo, the muscle-plates are only indistinctly
indicated, and no other features of the mesoblast are to be seen.
The mouth is now a deep pit, whose borders are almost completely formed by
the thickening in front of the first visceral cleft, which may be called
the first visceral arch or mandibular arch.
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