The works of Francis Maitland Balfour, Volume 2 (of 4) : $b A treatise on comparative embryology: InvertebrataBalfour, Francis M. (Francis Maitland)
Science
The works of Francis Maitland Balfour, Volume 2 (of 4) : $b A treatise on comparative embryology: Invertebrata
Balfour, Francis M. (Francis Maitland)
Embryology; Zoology
The central mass of cells becomes developed, as in the other type,
into a six-hooked (rarely four-hooked) embryo (fig. 96 G), but the
superficial layer separates from the central, and either disappears or
becomes (_Bothriocephalus proboscideus_) a cuticular layer. Between
the six-hooked embryo and the outer layer of cells one or more thick
membranes become deposited (E. van Beneden). The eggs are carried out
of the alimentary canal in the proglottis and transported to various
situations on land or in water. They usually remain within the
proglottis, invested by their thick shell, till taken up into the
alimentary canal of a suitable host, or they may be swallowed after
the death and decay of the proglottis. They are subsequently hatched
after their shell has become softened by the action of the digestive
fluids.
[FIG. 96. DIAGRAMS OF VARIOUS STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
CESTODA. (From Huxley.)
A. Cysticercus. B. and C. Cysticerci in the everted (B) and inverted
(C) condition. D. Coenurus. E. and F. Diagrams of Echinococcus. It
is most probable that Tænia heads are not developed directly from
the wall of the cyst as represented in the diagram. G. Six-hooked
embryo.]
Before proceeding to describe their further history, the close
resemblance between the first developmental stages of Cestoda,
especially in the case of the ciliated larvæ, and those of Trematoda,
may be pointed out.
In both there is a ciliated larva, and in both there is developed
within the ciliated skin a second larva, which becomes freed by the
stripping off of the ciliated skin.
The type of development has moreover many analogies with that of the
Nemertine larva of Desor, p. 163 (cf. Metschnikoff), and is probably
like that an abbreviated record of a long history.
The suitable host for the six-hooked embryo to enter is rarely
the same as the host for the sexual form. The embryos having become
transported into the alimentary canal of such a host, and become free,
if previously invested by the egg-shell, soon make their way,
apparently by the help of their hooks, through the wall of the
alimentary tract, and are transported in the blood or otherwise into
some suitable place for them to undergo their next transformation.
This place may be the liver, lungs, muscles, connective tissue, or
even the brain (_e.g._ _Coenurus cerebralis_ in the brain
of sheep).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account