The works of Francis Maitland Balfour, Volume 2 (of 4) : $b A treatise on comparative embryology: InvertebrataBalfour, Francis M. (Francis Maitland)
Science
The works of Francis Maitland Balfour, Volume 2 (of 4) : $b A treatise on comparative embryology: Invertebrata
Balfour, Francis M. (Francis Maitland)
Embryology; Zoology
The sections illustrate the type of segmentation in which the yolk
is aggregated at the centre of the ovum.
_yk._ central yolk mass.
1 and 2. Surface view and section of the stage with four segments.
In 2 it is seen that the furrows visible on the surface do not
penetrate to the centre of the ovum.
3 and 4. Surface view and section of ovum near the end of
segmentation. The central yolk mass is very clearly seen in 4.]
The peculiarity of the centrolecithal ova with regular or unequal
segmentation is that (owing to the presence of the yolk in the
interior) the furrows which appear on the surface are not continued to
the centre of the egg. The spheres which are thus distinct on the
surface are really united internally. Fig. 48, copied from Hæckel,
shews this in a diagrammatic way.
Many ova, which in the later stages of segmentation exhibit the
characteristics of true centrolecithal ova, in the early stages
actually pass through nearly the same phases as holoblastic ova.
Thus in _Eupagurus prideauxii_[57] (fig. 49), and probably in the
majority of Decapods, the egg is divided successively into two, four
and eight distinct segments, and it is not till after the fourth phase
of the segmentation that the spheres fuse in the centre of the egg.
Such ova belong to a type which is really intermediate between the
ordinary type of segmentation and that with a central yolk mass.
Eupagurus presents one striking peculiarity, viz. that the nucleus
divides into two, four and eight nuclei, each surrounded by a delicate
layer of protoplasm prolonged into a reticulum, before the ovum itself
commences to become segmented. The ovum before segmentation is
therefore in the condition of a syncytium.
[57] Mayer, _Jenaische Zeitschrift_, Vol. XI.
[FIG. 49. TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH FOUR STAGES IN THE SEGMENTATION
OF EUPAGURUS PRIDEAUXII. (After P. Mayer.)]
The segmentation of Asellus aquaticus[58] is very similar to that of
Eupagurus, etc. but the ovum at the very first divides into as many
segments (viz. eight) as there are nuclei.
[58] Ed. van Beneden, _Bull. d. l'Acad. roy. Belgique_,
2me série, Tom. XXVIII. No. 7, 1869, p. 54.
In Gammarus locusta the resemblance to ordinary unequal segmentation
is very striking, and it is not till a considerable number of segments
have been formed that a central yolk mass appears.
In all the above types, as segmentation proceeds, the protoplasm
becomes more and more concentrated at the surface, and finally a
superficial layer of flat blastoderm cells is completely segmented off
from the yolk below (fig. 49 D).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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