The works of Francis Maitland Balfour, Volume 3 (of 4) : $b A treatise on comparative embryology: VertebrataBalfour, Francis M. (Francis Maitland)
Science
The works of Francis Maitland Balfour, Volume 3 (of 4) : $b A treatise on comparative embryology: Vertebrata
Balfour, Francis M. (Francis Maitland)
Embryology; Zoology
The embryo is surrounded by the amnion, which is comparatively small.
The yolk-sack (_ds_) is large and attached to the embryo by a long
stalk. It has the form of a flattened sack closely applied to about
two-thirds of the surface of the subzonal membrane. The outer wall of
this sack, adjoining the subzonal membrane, is formed of hypoblast
only; but the inner wall is covered by the mesoblast of the area
vasculosa, as indicated by the thick black line (_fd_). The vascular
area is bordered by the sinus terminalis (_st_). In an earlier stage
of development the yolk-sack had not the compressed form represented
in the figure. It is, however, remarkable that the vascular area never
extends over the whole yolk-sack; but the inner vascular wall of the
yolk-sack fuses with the outer, and with the subzonal membrane, and so
forms a false chorion, which receives its blood supply from the
yolk-sack. This part of the chorion does not develop vascular villi.
The allantois (_al_) is a simple vascular sack with a large cavity.
Part of its wall is applied to the subzonal membrane, and gives rise
to the true chorion, from which there project numerous vascular villi.
These fit into corresponding uterine crypts. It seems probable, from
Bischoff's and Kölliker's observations, that the subzonal membrane in
the area of the placenta becomes attached to the uterine wall, by
means of villi, even before its fusion with the allantois. In the
later periods of gestation the intermingling of the maternal and
foetal parts of the placenta becomes very close, and the placenta is
truly deciduate. The cavity of the allantois persists till birth.
Between the yolk-sack, the allantois, and the embryo, there is left a
large cavity filled with an albuminous fluid.
The Hare does not materially differ in the arrangement of its foetal
membranes from the Rabbit.
[FIG. 149. SECTION THROUGH THE PLACENTA AND ADJACENT PARTS OF A RAT
ONE INCH AND A QUARTER LONG. (From Huxley.)
_a._ uterine vein; _b_. uterine wall; _c._ cavernous portion of
uterine wall; _d._ deciduous portion of uterus with cavernous
structure; _i._ large vein passing to the foetal portion of the
placenta; _f._ false chorion supplied by vitelline vessels; _k._
vitelline vessel; _l._ allantoic vessel; _g._ boundary of true
placenta; _e_, _m_, _m_, _e_. line of junction of the deciduate and
non-deciduate parts of the uterine wall.]
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