The works of Francis Maitland Balfour, Volume 3 (of 4) : $b A treatise on comparative embryology: VertebrataBalfour, Francis M. (Francis Maitland)
Science
The works of Francis Maitland Balfour, Volume 3 (of 4) : $b A treatise on comparative embryology: Vertebrata
Balfour, Francis M. (Francis Maitland)
Embryology; Zoology
It is seen to consist of two vesicles, (1) an outer larger one
(_h_)--the original egg-cylinder--united to the mesometric wall of the
uterus by a vascular connection at _m´m´_, and (2) an inner smaller
one (_ev_)--the originally solid body at the free end of the
egg-cylinder. The outer vesicle is formed of (1) an external lining of
columnar hypoblast (_h_) which is either pierced or invaginated at the
area of vascular connection with the uterus, and (2) of an inner layer
of splanchnic mesoblast (_m´´_) which covers without a break the
vascular uterine growth. At the upper pole of the ovum is placed the
smaller epiblastic vesicle, and where the two vesicles come together
is situated the embryonic area with the primitive streak (_f_), and
the medullary plate seen in longitudinal section. The thinner wall of
the inner vesicle is formed of epiblast and somatic mesoblast, and
covers over the dorsal face of the embryo just like the amnion. It is
in fact usually spoken of as the amnion. The large cavity of the outer
vesicle is continuous with the body cavity, and into it projects the
solid mesoblastic allantois (_all_), so far without hypoblast[96].
[96] Hensen states that the hypoblast never grows into the
allantois; while Bischoff, though not very precise on the point,
implies that it does; he states however that it soon disappears.
The outer vesicle corresponds exactly with the yolk-sack, and its
mesoblastic layer receives the ordinary vascular supply.
The embryo becomes folded off from the yolk-sack in the usual way, but
comes to lie _not outside_ it as in the ordinary form, but _in its
interior_, and is connected with it by an umbilical stalk. The
yolk-sack forms the substitute for part of the subzonal membrane of
other Mammalia. The so-called amnion appears to me from its
development and position rather to correspond with the non-embryonic
part of the epiblastic wall (true subzonal membrane) of the
blastodermic vesicle of the ordinary mammalian forms than with the
true amnion; and a true amnion would seem not to be developed.
The allantois meets the yolk-sack on about the seventeenth day at the
region of its vascular connection with the uterine wall, and gives
rise to the placenta. A diagrammatic representation of the structure
of the embryo at this stage is given in fig. 163.
The peculiar inversion of the layers in the Guinea-pig has naturally
excited the curiosity of embryologists, but as yet no satisfactory
explanation has been offered of it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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