The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21Berkeley, George
Philosophy
The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21
Berkeley, George
Philosophy -- Early works to 1800
98. For my own part, whenever I attempt to frame a simple idea of _time_,
abstracted from the succession of ideas in my mind, which flows uniformly,
and is participated by all beings, I am lost and embrangled in
inextricable difficulties. I have no notion of it at all: only I hear
others say it is infinitely divisible, and speak of it in such a manner as
leads me to harbour odd thoughts of my existence: since that doctrine lays
one under an absolute necessity of thinking, either that he passes away
innumerable ages without a thought, or else that he is annihilated every
moment of his life: both which seem equally absurd(688). Time therefore
being nothing, abstracted from the succession of ideas in our minds, it
follows that the duration of any finite spirit must be estimated by the
number of ideas or actions succeeding each other in that same spirit or
mind. Hence, it is a plain consequence that the soul always thinks. And in
truth whoever shall go about to divide in his thoughts or abstract the
_existence_ of a spirit from its _cogitation_, will, I believe, find it no
easy task(689).
99. So likewise when we attempt to abstract _extension_ and _motion_ from
all other qualities, and consider them by themselves, we presently lose
sight of them, and run into great extravagances. [(690) Hence spring those
odd paradoxes, that the fire is not hot, nor the wall white; or that heat
and colour are in the objects nothing but figure and motion.] All which
depend on a twofold abstraction: first, it is supposed that extension, for
example, may be abstracted from all other sensible qualities; and,
secondly, that the entity of extension may be abstracted from its being
perceived. But, whoever shall reflect, and take care to understand what he
says, will, if I mistake not, acknowledge that all sensible qualities are
alike _sensations_, and alike _real_; that where the extension is, there
is the colour too, to wit, in his mind(691), and that their archetypes can
exist only in some other _mind_: and that the objects of sense(692) are
nothing but those sensations, combined, blended, or (if one may so speak)
concreted together; none of all which can be supposed to exist
unperceived. [(693) And that consequently the wall is as truly white as it
is extended, and in the same sense.]
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