Arsenius, Archbishop of Monembasia (circ. 1530), was famous for his scholarship. He prefaced his _Scholia in Septem Euripidis Tragædias_ (Basileæ, 1544) by a dedicatory epistle in Greek to his friend Pope Paul III. "He submitted to the Church of Rome, which made him so odious to the Greek schismatics that the Patriarch of Constantinople excommunicated him; and the Greeks reported that Arsenius, after his death, was _Broukolakas_, that is, that the Devil hovered about his corps and re-animated him" (Bayle, _Dictionary_, 1724, i. 508, art. "Arsenius"). Martinus Crusius, in his _Turco-Græcia_, lib. ii. (Basileæ, 1584, p. 151) records the death of Arsenius while under sentence of excommunication, and adds that "his miserable corpse turned black, and swelled to the size of a drum, so that all who beheld it were horror-stricken, and trembled exceedingly." Hence, no doubt, the legend which Bayle takes _verbatim_ from Guillet, "Les Grecs disent qu' Arsenius, apres la mort fust _Broukolakas_," etc. (_Lacédémone, Ancienne et Nouvelle_, par Le Sieur de la Guilletiére, 1676, ii. 586. See, too, for "Arsenius," Fabricii _Script. Gr. Var._, 1808, xi. 581, and Gesneri _Bibliotheca Univ_., ed. 1545, fol. 96.) Byron, no doubt, got his information from Bayle. By "old legitimate Hellenic" he must mean literary as opposed to klephtic Greek.] [110] {123} The freshness of the face [? "_The paleness of the face_," MS.] and the wetness of the lip with blood, are the never-failing signs of a Vampire. The stories told in Hungary and Greece of these foul feeders are singular, and some of them most _incredibly_ attested. [Vampires were the reanimated corpses of persons newly buried, which were supposed to suck the blood and suck out the life of their selected victims. The marks by which a vampire corpse was recognized were the apparent non-putrefaction of the body and effusion of blood from the lips. A suspected vampire was exhumed, and if the marks were perceived or imagined to be present, a stake was driven through the heart, and the body was burned. This, if Southey's authorities (J. B. Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, in _Lettres Juives_) may be believed, "laid" the vampire, and the community might sleep in peace. (See, too, _Dissertations sur les Apparitions_, par Augustine Calmet, 1746, p. 395, _sq_., and _Russian Folk-Tales_, by W. R. S. Ralston, 1873, pp. 318-324.)]