The Works of Sir Thomas Browne, Volume 3Browne, Thomas, Sir
Religion
The Works of Sir Thomas Browne, Volume 3
Browne, Thomas, Sir
Christianity; Ethics; Religion and medicine
49. When 'tis said in _Job_, _Let Thistles grow up instead of Wheat, and
Cockle instead of Barley_, the words are intelligible, the sense
allowable and significant to this purpose: but whether the word _Cockle_
doth strictly conform unto the Original, some doubt may be made from the
different Translations of it; For the Vulgar renders it _Spina_,
_Tremelius Vitia Frugum_, and the _Geneva Turoye_ or Darnel. Besides,
whether Cockle were common in the ancient Agriculture of those parts, or
what word they used for it, is of great uncertainty. For the Elder
Botanical Writers have made no mention thereof, and the Moderns have
given it the Name of _Pseudomelanthium_, _Nigellastrum_, _Lychnoeides
Segetum_, names not known unto Antiquity: And therefore our Translation
hath warily set down [_noisome Weeds_] in the Margin.
OF GARLANDS
and Coronary or Garden-plants.
TRACT II
SIR,
The use of flowry Crowns and Garlands is of no slender Antiquity, and
higher than I conceive you apprehend it. For, besides the old Greeks and
Romans, the Ægyptians made use hereof; who, beside the bravery of their
Garlands, had little Birds upon them to peck their Heads and Brows, and
so to keep them sleeping at their Festival compotations. This practice
also extended as far as _India_: for at the Feast with the Indian King,
it is peculiarly observed by _Philostratus_ that their custom was to
wear Garlands, and come crowned with them unto their Feast.
The Crowns and Garlands of the Ancients were either Gestatory, such as
they wore about their Heads or Necks; Portatory, such as they carried at
solemn Festivals; Pensile or Suspensory, such as they hanged about the
Posts of their Houses in honour of their Gods, as of _Jupiter Thyræus_
or _Limeneus_; or else they were Depository, such as they laid upon the
Graves and Monuments of the dead. And these were made up after all ways
of Art, Compactile, Sutile, Plectile; for which Work there were
στεφανοπλόκοι or expert Persons to contrive them after the best grace
and property.
Though we yield not unto them in the beauty of flowry Garlands, yet some
of those of Antiquity were larger than any we lately meet with: for we
find in _Athenæus_ that a Myrtle Crown of one and twenty foot in compass
was solemnly carried about at the Hellotian Feast in _Corinth_, together
with the Bones of _Europa_.
And Garlands were surely of frequent use among them; for we reade in
_Galen_[256] that when _Hippocrates_ cured the great Plague of _Athens_
by Fires kindled in and about the City; the fuel thereof consisted much
of their Garlands. And they must needs be very frequent and of common
use, the ends thereof being many. For they were convivial, festival,
sacrificial, nuptial, honorary, funebrial. We who propose unto our
selves the pleasure of two Senses, and onely single out such as are of
Beauty and good Odour, cannot strictly confine our selves unto imitation
of them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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