796 The Phrygian Cybele, the Asiatic goddess of fertility; the chief seat of her worship was Pessinus in Phrygia. 797 _i.e._ after the middle of the fifth century B.C.; before that date the records were kept in the Acropolis. 798 In 204 B.C.; cf. Livy 29. 10 foll.; Silius Italicus 17. 1 foll.; Ovid, _Fasti_ 4. 255 foll. tells the legend and describes the ritual of the cult. 799 The Attalids. 800 A black meteoric stone embodied the goddess of Pessinus. 801 Claudia, turritae rara ministra deae. “Claudia thou peerless priestess of the goddess with the embattled crown.”—Propertius 4. 11. 52. 802 A matron in other versions. 803 In the Third Punic War, which began 149 B.C., Carthage was sacked by the Romans under Scipio. 804 Plato, _Republic_ 519 A δριμὺ μὲν βλέπει τὸ ψυχάριον. 805 A relief in the Capitoline Museum shows Claudia in the act of dragging the ship. 806 _i.e._ the world of sense‐perception. 807 Plotinus 1. 8. 4 called matter “the privation of the Good,” στέρησις ἀγαθοῦ. 808 Helios; cf. _Oration_ 4. 140 A. Attis is here identified with the light of the sun. 809 Julian here sums up the tendency of the philosophy of his age. The Peripatetics had been merged in the Platonists and Neo‐Platonists, and Themistius the Aristotelian commentator often speaks of the reconciliation, in contemporary philosophy, of Plato and Aristotle; cf. 235 C, 236, 366 C. Julian, following the example of Iamblichus, would force them into agreement; but the final appeal was to revealed religion. 810 προϋφεστῶτες Hertlein suggests, cf. 165 D, προεστῶτες MSS. 811 233 D. 812 αὐτόν Hertlein suggests, αὐτό MSS. 813 _Sophist_ 235 A; cf. _Republic_ 596 D. 814 _i.e._ aether, the fifth substance. 815 _i.e._ the causes of the forms that are embodied in matter have a prior existence as Ideas. 816 An echo of Plato, _Theaetetus_ 191 C, 196 A; _Timaeus_ 50 C. 817 _De Anima_ 3. 4. 429 A; Aristotle quotes the phrase with approval and evidently attributes it to Plato; the precise expression is not to be found in Plato, though in _Parmenides_ 132 B he says that the Ideas are “in our souls.” 818 περιθεῖναι Hertlein suggests, cf. Sallust, _On the Gods and the World_ 249, τὸν ἀστερωτὸν αὐτῷ περιθεῖναι πῖλον: ἐπιθεῖναι MSS. 819 αἰνίττεσθαι Hertlein suggests, cf. Sallust 250 τὸν γαλαξόαν αἰνίττεται κύκλον: μαντεύεσθαι MSS. 820 cf. Porphyry, _On the Cave of the Nymph_ 7; and Plato, _Republic_ 514 A. 821 προüφέστηκε Hertlein suggests, προέστηκε MSS. 822 _fr._ 36, Diels. 823 For the superiority of the soul to nature cf. _De Mysteriis_ 8. 7. 270; and for the theory that the soul gives form to matter, Plotinus 4. 3. 20. 824 _i.e._ the fifth substance.