IX. On transferring the Rajah's tribute from the Nabob to the Company, the stipulation with the Nabob was renewed on the proposition of the said Warren Hastings himself, and expressed in a yet more distinct manner, namely: "That no more demands shall be made upon him by the Honorable Company of any kind." And the said Warren Hastings, in justification of his proposal of giving the Rajah "a complete and uncontrolled authority over his zemindary," did enter on the Council book the following reasons for investing him with the same, strongly indicating the situation in which he must be left under any other circumstances, whether under the Nabob of Oude, or under the English, or under the double influence of both: "That the security of his person and possessions from the Company's protection may be rated equal to many lacs of rupees, _which, though saved to him, are no loss to the government on which he depends, being all articles of invisible expense_: in fees to the ministers and officers of the Nabob; in the charges of a double establishment of vackeels to both governments; in presents and charges of accommodation to the Nabob, during his residence at any place within the boundaries of his zemindary; in _the frauds, embezzlements, and oppressions exercised in the mint and cutwally_; besides the allowed profits of those officers, and the advantages which every man _in occasional power, or in the credit of it, might make of the Rajah's known weakness_, and the dread he stood in both of the displeasure of the Nabob _and the ill-will of individuals among the English, who were all considered, either in their present stations or connections, or the right of succession, as members of the state of Bengal_. It would be scarce possible to enumerate all the inconveniences to which the Rajah was liable _in his former situation_, or to estimate the precise effect which they produced on his revenue and on the gross amount of his expense; but it may be easily conceived that both were enormous, and of a nature the most likely to lessen the profits of government, instead of adding to them." And in justification of his proposal of giving the Rajah the symbols of sovereignty in the power of life and death, and in the coining of money, as pledges of his _independence_, he states the deplorable situation of princes reduced to dependence on the Vizier or the Company, and obliged to entertain an English Resident at their court, in the following words: "It is proposed to receive the payment of his [the Rajah's] rents at Patna, because that is the nearest provincial station, and because it would not frustrate _the intention of rendering the Rajah independent_. If a Resident was appointed to receive the money, as it became due, at Benares, _such a Resident_ would unavoidably acquire an influence over the Rajah, and over his country, _which would in effect render him the master of both_. This consequence might not perhaps be brought completely to pass without