The World Crisis, Volume 1 (of 6)Churchill, Winston
History
The World Crisis, Volume 1 (of 6)
Churchill, Winston
World War, 1914-1918; World War, 1914-1918 -- Great Britain
3. A far more probable German plan would be (A) to send a fast
division to rush the Straits and attack the transports, while at the
same time (B) making raids on the East Coast to create a diversion.
Our dispositions in the Channel and its approaches provide fully for
(A). With regard to (B), it is not considered that more than 10,000
men can be spared from Germany at present for raids. Such raid or
raids would inconvenience the military arrangements, but the Army is
ready to meet the raiders if they land. Their Lordships would wish to
emphasise that _it is not part of the Grand Fleet’s duty to prevent
such raids, but to deal with the enemy’s Battle Fleet_. The enemy’s
older ships will possibly be used to cover either one or more raids.
Their main Battle Fleet may be in rear to support them. They may
expect you to come direct to prevent the raid, and therefore may lay
one or more lines of mines across your expected course, or use their
Submarines for the same purpose. Whereas if you approach from an
Easterly or North-Easterly direction, i.e. behind them, you would cut
the German Battle Fleet from its base, the landed raiders from all
reinforcements, and you would approach by a path along which the
chance of meeting mines would be sensibly reduced. In our view
therefore you should ignore the raid or raids, and work by a
circuitous route so as to get between the enemy’s fleet, or covering
force, and home. It would seem undesirable to come South of latitude
57° until news of a raid has been actually received; and even then the
possibility of the German Battle Fleet being still in the Heligoland
Bight, i.e. behind you, cannot be excluded.
This appreciation of the situation is not intended to hamper your
discretion to act according to circumstances.
The naval dispositions by which the passage of the Army was covered have
been fully described in the Official History of the War and in other
Service works. The northern approaches to the Straits of Dover were
patrolled by cruiser squadrons and by flotillas from Harwich and the
Thames. The Straits of Dover were minutely watched by the British and
French Destroyer flotillas of the Dover cordon and by the Submarine
flotillas of Commodore Keyes. Behind these there was constituted on
August 7 the Channel Fleet, comprising nineteen battleships of the 5th,
7th and 8th Battle Squadrons, now all fully mobilised. This fleet,
having assembled under the command of Admiral Burney at Portland,
cruised in readiness for battle at the western end of the Channel at
such distances from the Dover cordon as its commander might judge
convenient. The western entrance to the Channel was guarded by other
cruiser squadrons.
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