[Footnote 140: Maeder discusses symbolism in some of these fields in his 'Die Symbolik in den Legenden, Märchen, Gebräuchen und Träumen,' _Psychiatrisch-Neurologische Wochenschrift_, Nos. 6 and 7, May 1908.] [Footnote 141: So Philostratus, and Pliny (_Natural History_, Bk. X. ch. CCXI.) puts the same point on somewhat more natural grounds.] [Footnote 142: It has been translated by F. S. Krauss, _Symbolik der Träume_, 1881.] [Footnote 143: A translation of Synesius's 'Treatise on Dreams' is included in Druon's _Œuvres de Synésius_, pp. 347 _et seq._ Synesius is probably best known to modern English readers through Charles Kingsley's novel, _Hypatia_. His treatise on dreams has been unduly neglected, though it commended itself mightily to the pioneering mind of Lord Monboddo, who even says (_Ancient Metaphysics_, vol. ii., 1782, p. 217) in reference to this treatise: 'Indeed it appears to me that since the days of Plato and Aristotle there has not been a philosopher of greater depth than Synesius.'] [Footnote 144: K. A. Scherner, _Das Leben des Traumes_, 1861. In France Hervey de Saint-Denis, in a remarkable anonymous work which I have not seen (_Les Rêves et les Moyens de les Diriger_, p. 356, quoted by Vaschide and Piéron, _Psychologie du Rêve_, p. 26), tentatively put forward a symbolic theory of dreams, as a possible rival to the theory that permanent associations are set up as the result of a first chance coincidence. 'Do there exist,' he asked, 'bizarre analogies of internal sensations in virtue of which certain vibrations of the nerves, certain instinctive movements of our viscera, correspond to sensations apparently quite different? According to this hypothesis experience would bring to light mysterious affinities, the knowledge of which might become a genuine science;... and a real key to dreams would not be an unrealisable achievement if we could bring together and compare a sufficient number of observations.'] [Footnote 145: It is interesting to note that hallucinations may also be symbolic. Thus the Psychical Research Society's Committee on Hallucinations recognised a symbolic group, and recorded, for instance, the case of a man who, when his child lies dying, sees a blue flame in the air and hears a voice say, 'That's his soul' (_Proceedings Society for Psychical Research_, August 1894, p. 125).] [Footnote 146: Maeder states that the tendency to symbolism in dreams and similar modes of psychic activity is due to 'vague thinking in a condition of diminished attention.' This is, however, an inadequate statement and misses the central point.]