[Footnote 174: See G. Stanley Hall, 'The Early Sense of Self,' _American Journal of Psychology_, April 1898. Cooley ('The Early Use of Self-Words by a Child,' _Psychological Review_, 1909, p. 94) finds that the child distinguishes between itself as (1) body and as (2) self-assertion united with action; it refers to the former as 'Baby,' and to the latter as 'I.'] [Footnote 175: See, _e.g._, Havelock Ellis, _The Criminal_, 4th ed., 1910, p. 367.] [Footnote 176: In the existing traditions of law and police, it is still possible to find many survivals of this tendency to objectify subjective impressions. Thus Mr. Theodore Schroeder has shown (_Free Press Anthology_, 1909, pp. 171 _et seq._) that the prosecutions which have in various so-called civilised countries pursued many estimable and even noble works of literature, science, and art are based on the primitive notion that 'indecency' resides in the object and not in the person who experiences the feeling, and who ought, therefore, alone to be suppressed, if suppression is called for. This psychological fallacy continues to subsist, though it was unmasked in the clearest manner even by St. Paul (_e.g._ Romans xiv. 14). It is somewhat analogous to the mediæval conception of the criminality of animals.] CHAPTER VIII DREAMS OF THE DEAD Mental Dissociation during Sleep--Illustrated by the Dream of Returning to School Life--The Typical Dream of a Dead Friend--Examples--Early Records of this Type of Dream--Analysis of such Dreams--Atypical Forms--The Consolation sometimes afforded by Dreams of the Dead--Ancient Legends of this Dream Type--The Influence of Dreams on the Belief of Primitive Man in the Survival of the Dead. Our memories tend to fall into groups or systems. We all possess a great number of such systematised groups of impressions. Every period of life, every subject we have occupied ourselves with, every intimate friend we have had, each represents a more or less separate mass of ideas and feelings. Within each system one idea or feeling easily calls up another belonging to the same system. Moreover, in full and alert waking life, each system is in touch with the systems related to it. If there crowd into the field of consciousness the memories belonging to one period of life, or one country we have lived in, we can control and criticise those memories by reference to others belonging to another period or another country. If we are overwhelmed by the thoughts and emotions associated with the memory of one friend we can restore our mental balance by evoking the thoughts and emotions associated with another friend. The various systems are in this way co-ordinated in apperception.[177]