How then do we connect the Chinese with these? The Chinese constitute one of the numerous branches of the Mongolian race. Historians state that the ancient empire of Medea was founded by Mongols. When the first immigrants of this race entered China colonising the fertile valley of the Yellow River, they brought with them evidences of a civilization which it must have taken many, many centuries to have arrived at. Agriculture they were proficient in; astronomy they possess records of, that point to events thousands of years earlier; masonry, and canalization also, in well-developed systems immediately applicable to their new surroundings; and my argument is that they brought also a primitive system of music arising from or out of a simple pipe adoption, having a series of four or five sounds, such as we have found to be the original basis of Egyptian and Greek music. Ancestor worship they also brought with them. A formulated religion they had not, neither had they a priesthood. Where can be found a common centre, where a population had existed in prehistoric times, at which these chief evidences of civilization had been grouped together in communal or in civic life? Research can shew but one—and that, the southern valley of the Euphrates. In his work, “Primitive Civilizations,” Mr. E. J. Simcox writes:— “That the Chinese themselves did not learn agriculture in China is beyond a doubt; the family life of the Chinese does not go back to a time when the black-haired people were not agricultural.” again as to Astronomy:— “The astronomical knowledge of the Chinese was almost certainly derived from their kinsmen in Mesopotamia.” Dr. Edkins was struck by the many ancient customs pointing to a connection between Western Asia and China, he calls attention to:— “the resemblances between Chinese writing and the pre-cuneiform or linear Akkadian character; ’a deep relationship undoubtedly between the vocabulary of the two languages.’” Both the Revs. C. J. Ball and M. de Lacouperie agree:— “in regarding Chinese as a representative of a much earlier stage of Turano-Sythic speech than any other living language and as still including elements going back _to some source common_ to it, with the founders of Elamo-Babylonian civilization.” Mr. Simcox states that the Akkad religion:— “was purely naturalistic, it consisted in the recognition of a ‘Spirit of Heaven,’ and a ‘Spirit of Earth,’ but these spirits were not worshipped but ‘conjured’; hence charms were older than litanies.” and as to ancestor worship Mr. Simcox says:— “it was the first branch of the Egyptian religion to become _associated with proprietary ideas_, which also constitutes the leading feature of the Chinese religion, the worship of the spirits or manes of deceased ancestors.”