The World's Greatest Books — Volume 13 — Religion and Philosophy
Religion
The World's Greatest Books — Volume 13 — Religion and Philosophy
Philosophy; Religion
Nature is not fixed, but fluid. Spirit alters, moulds, makes it. The
immobility, or bruteness, of Nature is the absence of spirit. Every
spirit builds itself a house, and beyond its house a world, and beyond
its world a heaven. What we are, that only can we see. All that Adam
had, all that Caesar could, you have and can do. Adam called his house
heaven and earth; Caesar called his house Rome; you, perhaps, call yours
a cobbler's trade, a hundred acres of ploughed land, or a scholar's
garret. Yet, line for line, and point for point, your dominion is as
great as theirs, though without fine names. Build, therefore, your own
world. As fast as you conform your life to the pure idea in your mind,
that will unfold its great proportions.
* * * * *
EPICTETUS
DISCOURSES AND ENCHEIRIDION
The Stoic philosopher Epictetus was born about 50 A.D., at
Hierapolis, in Phrygia, at that time a Roman province of Asia
Minor, and was at first a slave in Rome. On being freed he
devoted himself to philosophy, and thereafter lived and taught
at Nicopolis, in Epirus (then a portion of Macedonia,
corresponding to Albania to-day), from about 90 A.D. to 138
A.D. He left no works, but his utterances have been collected
in four books of "Discourses" or "Dissertations" by his pupil
and friend Arrian. In the "Encheiridion Epictete"--a "Handbook
to Epictetus" compiled and condensed from the chaos of the
almost verbatim "Discourses"--Arrian gives the most authentic
account of the philosophy of the Greek and Roman Stoics, the
sect founded by Zeno about 300 years before the Christian era,
which flourished until the decline of Rome. Arrian himself was
born about 90 A.D. at Nicomedia. He wrote in the style of
Xenophon the "Anabasis of Alexander," a book on "Tactics," and
several histories which have been lost. He is chiefly of note,
however, as the Boswell of Epictetus. He died about 180 A.D.
_I.--OF THE WILL, AND OF GOD_
The reasoning faculty alone considers both itself and all other powers,
and judges of the appearance of things. And, as was fit, this most
excellent and superior faculty, the faculty of a right use of the
appearances of things, is that alone which the gods have placed in our
own power, while all the other matters they have placed not in our
power. Was it because they would not? I rather think that if they could,
they had granted us these, too; but they certainly could not. For,
placed upon earth, and confined to such a body and such companions, how
was it possible that we should not be hindered by things without us?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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