The world's leading conquerors : $b Alexander the Great, Cæsar, Charles the Great, the Ottoman sultans, the Spanish conquistadors, NapoleonBevan, Wilson Lloyd
History
The world's leading conquerors : $b Alexander the Great, Cæsar, Charles the Great, the Ottoman sultans, the Spanish conquistadors, Napoleon
Bevan, Wilson Lloyd
History; Kings and rulers
The palace at Aix, like the church, has for its model a building at
Ravenna, the so-called palace of Theodoric. As all of the dependents
of the court had to be accommodated, the ground floor covered a
considerable space. In the center were the apartments of the imperial
family, the audience chamber, the baths. In a large wing of the
building, connecting it with the chapel, there was room for the school,
the library, the archives. In interior decoration stucco, mosaic
work, and mural painting were used rather than sculpture, in which
art Carolingian workers showed little skill. The Emperor, though he
prohibited the worship of images, expressly directed the use in church
of mural paintings, with subjects taken from the Scriptures. In the
palaces the same art was used to illustrate the secular history of the
Empire.
The Emperor’s deeds were depicted on the walls and explained in
poetical inscriptions. Mosaic was used for floors and wall spaces, and
red and green porphyry were especially sought after for the decorative
designs that often covered the interior of the cupola, as at Aix, where
the Christ is represented on a gold background covered with red stars,
blessing twelve aged men at his feet, and accompanied by two angels.
Work in the precious metals and in ivory was frequent in the churches,
since each had a treasury, and a third of the income, saved from
tithes, was assigned for religious ornaments. In these collections gold
reliquaries with chased work and precious stones were specially valued;
also portable altars and ciboria. The “ivories,” of which interesting
specimens are still preserved, are remarkable for the care displayed in
continuing the traditions of this branch of Christian art, as practised
both in the Eastern Empire and in Italy during earlier centuries.
Books are recorded also in the inventories of the church treasuries,
and the specimens that have survived attest the artistic value of
Carolingian calligraphy. The style of writing, under the influence
of English and Irish models, is clear and free from abbreviations.
Besides the miniatures, these manuscripts exhibit artistically drawn
letters, effectively combined, and characters done in gold and silver
on a purple background. There were a number of schools where the art
of copying was taught, the most celebrated being at Tours, under the
supervision of Alcuin. The national library at Paris has a beautiful
example of this work in a book of the Gospels prepared for Charles in
781, by the monk Godescalk. In Vienna, in the imperial treasury, there
is another Gospel book in similar style, which, legend says, was found
on the knees of the Emperor when his tomb was opened.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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