The world's leading conquerors : $b Alexander the Great, Cæsar, Charles the Great, the Ottoman sultans, the Spanish conquistadors, NapoleonBevan, Wilson Lloyd
History
The world's leading conquerors : $b Alexander the Great, Cæsar, Charles the Great, the Ottoman sultans, the Spanish conquistadors, Napoleon
Bevan, Wilson Lloyd
History; Kings and rulers
In his relations with the Church, Charles gave a liberal interpretation
to his acknowledged powers of guidance and direction; the kind of
rôle he was willing to undertake shows that he drew no hard and fast
line between the secular and spiritual prerogatives of a monarch.
For example, in the Adoptionist Controversy, he took the initiative
himself in settling a troublesome problem of theological speculation.
According to the Adoptionists, in Christ there are a divine personality
and a human personality, which latter becomes by adoption the Son of
God. This tenet was eagerly embraced in Spain, its two best-known
adherents being Elipandus, Archbishop of Toledo, and Felix, Bishop of
Urgel, the latter a city in the North of Spain under the authority of
the Frankish King, who, therefore, immediately took steps to bring the
subject in dispute before a council, assembled at Regensburg, “under
the orders of the most glorious and orthodox King Charles.” Felix was
convicted of false teaching and sent to Rome to appear before Pope
Hadrian. Though Felix was deprived of his bishopric he continued to be
supported by the Spanish episcopate, who collectively wrote to Charles
for his restoration. At Frankfort, in 794, a council of prelates from
various Frankish sees met and listened to the King, who read the letter
from the Spanish bishops. The council then heard a long technical
speech from their ruler on the questions at issue. The Bishop of Urgel
was again condemned, but the matter was not decided until a few years
later, in 799, when a long discussion, lasting over six days, took
place at Aix between Felix and Alcuin, the conclusion of which was
that Felix allowed that he was overcome in argument, and published a
retraction.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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