The world's leading conquerors : $b Alexander the Great, Cæsar, Charles the Great, the Ottoman sultans, the Spanish conquistadors, NapoleonBevan, Wilson Lloyd
History
The world's leading conquerors : $b Alexander the Great, Cæsar, Charles the Great, the Ottoman sultans, the Spanish conquistadors, Napoleon
Bevan, Wilson Lloyd
History; Kings and rulers
The plan of conquest showed skilful and cautious strategy. Osman
adopted the policy of overshadowing the great fortresses of the Greek
Empire by placing near them strongholds of his own garrisoned with men
ready to surprise their opponents at the first favorable opportunity.
Broussa soon found itself within the grasp of the Turk. There were
two forts dominating its very gates, one on the east, the other on
the west. An important town near it, Edrenos, was taken when Osman’s
son, Ourkhan, forced the city to capitulate, the inhabitants being
given, in return for 30,000 pieces of gold, the right to retire with
their property. The governor became a convert to Islam--a detail which
is typical of the Turkish conquests. These new supporters found it
to their advantage to change their allegiance. Such cases are often
mentioned in these early years of the expansion of the Ottoman emirate,
and they are indicative of a well-devised policy to sap the foundations
of resistance.
Another even more striking example of the results of a change of
allegiance from Christianity to Mohammedanism is found in the case of
Mikhal-Koeze (Michael with the pointed beard), the Greek governor of
the castle, who, after becoming a prisoner of war, was most kindly
treated by Osman. The bonds of friendship between the two grew so
strong that Mikhal embraced Islamism and signalized himself by his
fidelity as an ally and subordinate officer. He is the ancestor of
the family of Mikhal Oghli (sons of Michael), who in a long line of
descent held the command of the irregular troops in the Turkish army.
The close of Osman’s career had nothing to record in the way of an
exploit equal to the capture of Broussa. In 1326 the conqueror died
and was buried in the city, the possession of which marked the chief
success of his remarkable reign. Here in after generations were
shown the chaplet of rough-ground wood, the enormous drum given him
by Ali-ed-Din, and the great carved double-edged sword wielded by
the founder and champion of the Ottoman Empire. But the rapidity and
importance of Osman’s conquests had not changed the tastes of the
tribal chieftain; all that he left to his heirs were horses, oxen, some
sheep, a spoon, a salt cellar, an embroidered kaftan, and a turban.
Ourkhan, who followed Osman, proved that he had inherited his father’s
capacity for war and statesmanship. His brother was made vizier, with
special charge of the organization of the army, which, in its various
arms, preserved for centuries the marks of a military intelligence
far superior to that shown in the organization of the armies of
medieval Europe. The regular troops were divided into janitschars (foot
soldiers), and spahis (horsemen), while the irregular forces had the
same two divisions under the names of akindji and azabs.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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