Apologetics -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600; Celsus (Platonic philosopher), active 180; Theology -- History -- Early Church, ca. 30-600
the death of the cross, but also, in the end of the world, embracing in
Himself all whom He subjects to the Father, and who by Him come to
salvation, He Himself, along with them, and in them, is said also to be
subject to the Father; all things subsisting in Him, and He Himself
being the Head of all things, and in Him being the salvation and the
fulness of those who obtain salvation. And this consequently is what the
apostle says of Him: “And when all things shall be subjected to Him,
then shall the Son also Himself be subject to Him that put all things
under Him, that God may be all in all.”
7. I know not, indeed, how the heretics, not understanding the meaning
of the apostle in these words, consider the term “subjection” degrading
as applied to the Son; for if the propriety of the title be called in
question, it may easily be ascertained from making a contrary
supposition. Because if it be not good to be in subjection, it follows
that the opposite will be good, viz. not to be in subjection. Now the
language of the apostle, according to their view, appears to indicate by
these words, “And when all things shall be subdued unto Him, then shall
the Son also Himself be subject unto Him that put all things under
Him,”[740] that He, who is not now in subjection to the Father, will
become subject to Him when the Father shall have first subdued all
things unto Him. But I am astonished how it can be conceived to be the
meaning, that He who, while all things are not yet subdued to Him, is
not Himself in subjection, should—at a time when all things have been
subdued to Him, and when He has become King of all men, and holds sway
over all things—be supposed then to be made subject, seeing He was not
formerly in subjection; for such do not understand that the subjection
of Christ to the Father indicates that our happiness has attained to
perfection, and that the work undertaken by Him has been brought to a
victorious termination, seeing He has not only purified the power of
supreme government over the whole of creation, but presents to the
Father the principles of the obedience and subjection of the human race
in a corrected and improved condition.[741] If, then, that subjection be
held to be good and salutary by which the Son is said to be subject to
the Father, it is an extremely rational and logical inference to deduce
that the subjection also of enemies, which is said to be made to the Son
of God, should be understood as being also salutary and useful; as if,
when the Son is said to be subject to the Father, the perfect
restoration of the whole of creation is signified, so also, when enemies
are said to be subjected to the Son of God, the salvation of the
conquered and the restoration of the lost is in that understood to
consist.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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