Apologetics -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600; Celsus (Platonic philosopher), active 180; Theology -- History -- Early Church, ca. 30-600
For there are different appearances, as it were, of the Word, according
as He shows Himself to each one of those who come to His doctrine; and
this in a manner corresponding to the condition of him who is just
becoming a disciple, or of him who has made a little progress, or of him
who has advanced further, or of him who has already _nearly_ attained to
virtue, or who has even _already_ attained it. And hence it is not the
case, as Celsus and those like him would have it, that our God was
transformed, and ascending the lofty mountain, showed that His real
appearance was something different, and far more excellent than what
those who remained below, and were unable to follow Him on high, beheld.
For those below did not possess eyes capable of seeing the
transformation of the Word into His glorious and more divine condition.
But with difficulty were they able to receive Him as He was; so that it
might be said of Him by those who were unable to behold His more
excellent nature: “We saw Him, and He had no form nor comeliness; but
His form was mean,[536] and inferior to that of the sons of men.”[537]
And let these remarks be an answer to the suppositions of Celsus, who
does not understand the changes or transformations of Jesus, as related
in the histories, nor His mortal and immortal nature.
Footnote 536:
ἄτιμον.
Footnote 537:
ἐκλεῖπον.
Chapter XVII.
But will not those narratives, especially when they are understood in
their proper sense, appear far more worthy of respect than the story
that Dionysus was deceived by the Titans, and expelled from the throne
of Jupiter, and torn in pieces by them, and his remains being afterwards
put together again, he returned as it were once more to life, and
ascended to heaven? Or are the Greeks at liberty to refer such stories
to the doctrine of the soul, and to interpret them figuratively, while
the door of a consistent explanation, and one everywhere in accord and
harmony with the writings of the Divine Spirit, who had His abode in
pure souls, is closed against _us_? Celsus, then, is altogether ignorant
of the purpose of our writings, and it is therefore upon his own
acceptation of them that he casts discredit, and not upon their real
meaning; whereas, if he had reflected on what is appropriate[538] to a
soul which is to enjoy an everlasting life, and on the opinion which we
are to form of its essence and principles, he would not so have
ridiculed the entrance of the immortal into a mortal body, which took
place not according to the metempsychosis of Plato, but agreeably to
another and higher view of things. And he would have observed one
“descent,” distinguished by its great benevolence, undertaken to convert
(as the Scripture mystically terms them) the “lost sheep of the house of
Israel,” which had strayed down from the mountains, and to which the
Shepherd is said in certain parables to have gone down, leaving on the
mountains those “which had not strayed.”
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