Apologetics -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600; Celsus (Platonic philosopher), active 180; Theology -- History -- Early Church, ca. 30-600
For we inquire of all those who employ such invocations of God, saying:
Tell us, friends, who was Abraham, and what sort of person was Isaac,
and what power did Jacob possess, that the appellation “God,” when
joined with their name, could effect such wonders? And from whom have
you learned, or can you learn, the facts relating to these individuals?
And who has occupied himself with writing a history about them, either
directly magnifying these men by ascribing to them mysterious powers, or
hinting obscurely at their possession of certain great and marvellous
qualities, patent to those who are qualified to see them?[613] And when,
in answer to our inquiry, no one can show from what history—whether
Greek or barbarian—or, if not a history, yet at least from what mystical
narrative,[614] the accounts of these men are derived, we shall bring
forward the book entitled “Genesis,” which contains the acts of these
men, and the divine oracles addressed to them, and will say, Does not
the use by you of the names of these three ancestors of the race,
establishing in the clearest manner that effects not to be lightly
regarded are produced by the invocation of them, evidence the divinity
of the men?[615] And yet we know them from no other source than the
sacred books of the Jews! Moreover, the phrases, “the God of Israel,”
and “the God of the Hebrews,” and “the God who drowned in the Red Sea
the king of Egypt and the Egyptians,” are _formulæ_ frequently employed
against demons and certain wicked powers. And we learn the history of
the names and their interpretation from those Hebrews, who in their
national literature and national tongue dwell with pride upon these
things, and explain their meaning. How, then, should the Jews attempt to
derive their origin from the first race of those whom Celsus supposed to
be jugglers and deceivers, and shamelessly endeavour to trace themselves
and their beginning back to these?—whose names, being Hebrew, are an
evidence to the Hebrews, who have their sacred books written in the
Hebrew language and letters, that their nation is akin to these men. For
up to the present time, the Jewish names belonging to the Hebrew
language were either taken from their writings, or generally from words
the meaning of which was made known by the Hebrew language.
Footnote 613:
εἴτε καὶ αὐτόθεν σεμνύνουσαν ἐν ἀποῤῥήτοις τοὺς ἄνδρας, εἴτε καὶ δι’
ὑπονοιῶν αἰνισσομένην τινὰ μεγάλα καὶ θαυμάσια τοῖς θεωρῆσαι αὐτὰ
δυναμένοις.
Footnote 614:
μυστικῆς ἀναγραφῆς.
Footnote 615:
ἐροῦμεν τὲ· ὅτι μήποτε τὸ καὶ ὑφ’ ὑμῶν παραλαμβάνεσθαι τὰ ὀνάματα τῶν
τριῶν τούτων γεναρχῶν τοῦ ἔθνους, τῇ ἐναργείᾳ καταλαμβανόντων, οὐκ
εὐκαταφρόνητα ἀνύεσθαι ἐκ τῆς κατεπικλήσεως αὐτῶν, παρίστησι τὸ θεῖον
τῶν ἀνδρῶν; Guietus would expunge the words τῇ ἐναργείᾳ
καταλαμβανόντων.
Chapter XXXV.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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