The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, Vol. 1 (of 9): Being His Autobiography, Correspondence, Reports, Messages, Addresses, and Other Writings, Official and PrivateJefferson, Thomas
History
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, Vol. 1 (of 9): Being His Autobiography, Correspondence, Reports, Messages, Addresses, and Other Writings, Official and Private
Jefferson, Thomas
United States -- Politics and government -- 1775-1783; United States -- Politics and government -- 1783-1865
On my return from Holland, I found Paris as I had left it, still in
high fermentation. Had the Archbishop, on the close of the Assembly of
Notables, immediately carried into operation the measures contemplated,
it was believed they would all have been registered by the Parliament;
but he was slow, presented his edicts, one after another, and at
considerable intervals, which gave time for the feelings excited by the
proceedings of the Notables to cool off, new claims to be advanced, and
a pressure to arise for a fixed constitution, not subject to changes
at the will of the King. Nor should we wonder at this pressure, when
we consider the monstrous abuses of power under which this people
were ground to powder; when we pass in review the weight of their
taxes, and the inequality of their distribution; the oppressions of
the tithes, the tailles, the corvees, the gabelles, the farms and
the barriers; the shackles on commerce by monopolies; on industry by
guilds and corporations; on the freedom of conscience, of thought,
and of speech; on the freedom of the press by the Censure; and of
the person by Lettres de Cachet; the cruelty of the Criminal code
generally; the atrocities of the Rack; the venality of the Judges,
and their partialities to the rich; the monopoly of Military honors
by the Noblesse; the enormous expenses of the Queen, the Princes and
the Court; the prodigalities of pensions; and the riches, luxury,
indolence and immorality of the Clergy. Surely under such a mass of
misrule and oppression, a people might justly press for a thorough
reformation, and might even dismount their rough-shod riders, and
leave them to walk on their own legs. The edicts, relative to the
corvees and free circulation of grain, were first presented to the
Parliament and registered; but those for the impôt territorial, and
stamp tax, offered some time after, were refused by the Parliament,
which proposed a call of the States General, as alone competent to
their authorization. Their refusal produced a Bed of justice, and
their exile to Troyes. The Advocates, however, refusing to attend
them, a suspension in the administration of justice took place. The
Parliament held out for awhile, but the ennui of their exile and
absence from Paris, began at length to be felt, and some dispositions
for compromise to appear. On their consent, therefore, to prolong some
of the former taxes, they were recalled from exile, the King met them
in session, November 19, '87, promised to call the States General in
the year '92, and a majority expressed their assent to register an
edict for successive and annual loans from 1788 to '92; but a protest
being entered by the Duke of Orleans, and this encouraging others in a
disposition to retract, the King ordered peremptorily the registry of
the edict, and left the assembly abruptly. The Parliament immediately
protested, that the votes for the enregistry had not been legally
taken, and that they gave no sanction to the loans proposed.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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