[31] The vote stood, for prohibition, 27,519; against, 24,109. [32] The story was printed in the _Columbian Centinel_, Boston, December, 1789. [33] See _Diary of Sarah Connell Ayer_ (Portland, Me., 1910), 227. [34] See _Almon Danforth Hodges and His Neighbors_ (Boston, 1909), 217-218. [35] “At sun two hours high,” says the _Farmer’s Almanack_, 1815, “the day is finished and away goes men and boys to the bowling alley. Haying, hoeing, plowing, sowing all must give way to sport and toddy. Now this is no way for a farmer. It will do for the city lads to sport and relax in this way, and so there are proper times and seasons for farmers to take pleasure of this sort, for I agree that all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” [36] See _Hodges and His Neighbors_, 94. [37] J. R. Lowell, _Biglow Papers_. [38] The death of Goethe occurred on the twenty-second of March. The news must have taken several days in travel. [39] Prussians were apt to console themselves for the pusillanimity of King Frederick William III by harking back to the really strong if ruthless monarchy of Frederick the Great, familiarly spoken of as _Der Alte Fritz_. [40] Guy Stanton Ford, _Stein and the Era of Reform in Prussia, 1807-1815_ (Princeton, N. J., 1922), 185. [41] Victor Cousin, _Report on the State of Public Instruction in Prussia_. Translated by Sarah Austin. London, 1834. [42] See _Life and Works of Horace Mann_ (Boston, 1891), iii, 346 ff. [43] Cf. Franklin’s views on the comparative thrift of English and of German laborers, and note his tentative explanation of the difference. _The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin_ (compiled and edited by John Bigelow, New York and London, 1887), ii, 291 ff. Letter to Peter Collinson, dated Philadelphia, 9 May, 1753. [44] By writers like Samuel Laing, in his _Notes of a Traveller on the Social and Political State of France, Prussia, Switzerland, Italy, and Other Parts of Europe_ (London, 1854), especially 108-115. [45] _Life and Works of Horace Mann_ (Boston, 1891), iii, 346 ff. See also _Reminiscences of Carl Schurz_ (New York, 1907), i, 40. [46] See William Howitt, _Rural and Domestic Life of Germany_ (London, 1842), _passim_. That portion of Carl Schurz’s work (see note 8 _ante_) which describes his boyhood life at Liblar throws much light on the amusements indulged in by the people. There is a delightful account of the Schützenfest, or marksmanship contest, on pages 45-48 and pages 81-83. [47] Albert Bernhard Faust, _The German Element in the United States_ (Boston, 1909), ii, 472. [48] _Daily Free Democrat_, December 27, 1850. [49] _Nordamerika, Wisconsin, Calumet. Winke für Auswanderer_ (edition of 1849), 64. [50] Bradley and Metcalf. [51] It was managed by G. and J. Burnham, who had an investment of $10,000.