49. Sometimes he is quite devoid of all attributes and desires, and is only awakened from his inertness, by his own desire of doing good to his creatures. 50. I have thus expounded to you concerning the existence of Brahmá (Bráhmi Sthiti), and his real states of Sátwika, Vidhyanika and Suranikas creation. (The first is the creation of his intellectual nature, and the second that of his mind or will or mental form). 51. The intellectual creation is what rises of itself in the Spirit of Brahma, and the mental is the result of his mind and will. The first is the direct inspiration of Brahmá into the Spirit of Brahmá. 52. After creation of the material world by the _rájasika_ nature of Brahmá, there rises the visible creation in the air by the will of the creator. (This is called the _madhyanika_, because it is the intermediate creation, between the elemental and animal creations). 53. In the next step of animal creation, some were born as gods (angels) and others as Yakshas—demigods, and this is called the _suranika_, because the suras or gods were created in it. 54. Every creature is born in the shape of its inherent nature, and then it is either elevated or degraded, according to the nature of its associations. It lays also the foundation of its future state of bondage to birth or liberation, by its acts, commenced in the present life. 55. In this manner, O Ráma! has the world come to existence. Its creation is evidently a work of labour, as it is brought to being by various acts of motion and exertion of the body and mind; and all these products of the god’s will, are sustained also by continuous force and effort on his part. CHAPTER LX. PRODUCTION OF LIVING BEINGS. Argument. Production of the bodies of Living Beings, according to the degrees of their Reason. Vasishtha continued:—O strong armed Ráma! after the great father of creation, he took himself to his activity, he formed and supported the worlds by his energy and might. 2. All living and departed souls, are tied like buckets by the rope of their desire, and made to rise and fall in this old well of the world, by the law of their predetermined destiny (or Fate that binds Siva or Jove himself). 3. All beings proceeding from Brahmá, and entering the prison house of the world, have to be concentrated into the body of the air-born Brahmá; as all the waters of the sea have to be whirled into the whirlpool in the midst of the sea. (All things were contained in and produced from Brahmá the Demiurge). 4. Others are continually springing from the mind of Brahmá, like sparks of fire struck out of a red-hot iron; while many are flying to it as their common centre. 5. Ráma! all lives are as the waves in the ocean of the everlasting spirit of Brahma; they rise and fall in him according to his will.