The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle [vol. 1 of 5] : $b Fossil mammaliaOwen, Richard
Science
The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle [vol. 1 of 5] : $b Fossil mammalia
Owen, Richard
Beagle Expedition (1831-1836); Mammals, Fossil; Paleontology -- South America; Zoology
In the seventh cervical vertebra of the Camel, as in many other
Mammalia, there is no perforation in any part for the vertebral
arteries. In a Vicugna, I find the same structure; but in a Llama, the
side of the body of the seventh cervical vertebra is perforated
longitudinally on the right side. In the Camel, the vertebral arteries
pierce the sixth cervical vertebra, immediately below the superior
transverse processes, and pass obliquely to the anterior aperture of
the cervical canal, where they emerge beneath the anterior oblique
processes, and then enter the spinal canal of the fifth cervical
vertebra, as described in the text.
Footnote 18:
Cuvier, Ossemens Fossiles, iii. p. 238.
Footnote 19:
Loc. cit. p. 234.
Footnote 20:
Loc. cit. p. 235.
Footnote 21:
Loc. cit. p. 237.
Footnote 22:
Loc. cit. p. 232.
Footnote 23:
See Ossem. Fossiles, Pl. XX. fig. 3.
Footnote 24:
Loc. cit. Pl. XXII. fig. 6.
Footnote 25:
See Ossem. Foss. iii. Pl. XXVI. fig. 5.
Footnote 26:
This diameter increases rapidly in the posterior lumbar vertebræ, in
correspondence with the enlargement of the spinal chord, which gives
off the great nerves of the hinder extremities.
Footnote 27:
The relative breadth of these bones is shown in the figures of the
fore-foot, Pl. XI.
Footnote 28:
The figures in Pl. XIV. preclude the necessity of giving the
admeasurements of the astragalus.
Footnote 29:
“Comme le genre de vie de chaque animal est toujours en rapport avec
les mouvements dont sa mâchoire est susceptible, on retrouve dans la
conformation des surfaces destinées à l’articulation, les
particularités qui semblent le déterminer d’avance. Ainsi dans les
animaux qui vivent de chairs, substances filamenteuses qui ne peuvent
être écrasées, mais seulement coupées et dechirées, le mouvement de la
mâchoire inférieure ne peut s’exécuter que de haut en bas. Dans les
herbivores, les frugivores et les granivores, comme le principal
mouvement est celui de broiement pour écraser, comprimer les herbes et
les fruits, pour briser les grains et les réduire, en pâte, le
mouvement des mâchoires se fait encore de droite à gauche, et
réciproquement, on en même temps, de devant en arrière, en un mot,
dans un plan horizontal autant que dans un vertical: les uns
représentent des ciseaux, les autres des meules de moulin.”
Footnote 30:
In the monotrematous Echidna, the large canal for the lingual nerve
has a widely different direction and course from that in the placental
Edentata.
Footnote 31:
Transactions of the Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, vol. iv. p.
246.
Footnote 32:
Its relations to the Edentata, previously conjectured by Dr. Wistar,
are proved in the Annales du Muséum, tom. v. p. 358; its more
immediate affinities as an annectant form in that group are discussed
in the edition of the Ossem. Fossiles, of 1833, tom. v. pt. 1. p. 160.
Footnote 33:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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