The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle [vol. 3 of 5] : $b BirdsGould, John
Science
The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle [vol. 3 of 5] : $b Birds
Gould, John
Beagle Expedition (1831-1836); Birds; Zoology
_Edwards’_ Gleanings.
_Vieill._ Ois. dores, t. 1.
Ornismya Kingii, _Less._ Trochilidees, pl. 38.
This species is found over a space of 2,500 miles on the west coast,
from the hot dry country of Lima to the forests of Terra del Fuego,
where it has been described by Captain King as flitting about in a
snow-storm. In the wooded island of Chiloe, which has an extremely damp
climate, this little bird, skipping from side to side amidst the humid
foliage, and uttering its acute chirp, is perhaps more abundant than any
other kind. It there very commonly frequents open marshy ground, where a
kind of bromelia grows: hovering near the edge of the thick beds, it
every now and then dashes in close to the ground; but I could not see
whether it ever actually alighted. At that time of the year there were
very few flowers, and none whatever near the beds of bromelia. Hence, I
was quite sure that they did not live on honey; and on opening the
stomach and upper intestine, by the aid of a lens, I could plainly
distinguish in a yellow fluid, morsels of the wings of diptera,—probably
Tipulidæ. It is evident that these birds search for minute insects in
their winter quarters under the thick foliage. I opened the stomachs of
several specimens which were shot in different parts of the continent,
and in all remains of insects were numerous, forming a black comminuted
mass. In one killed at Valparaiso, I found portions of an ant. Amongst
the Chonos Islands, at a season when there were flowers in open places,
yet the damp recesses of the forests appeared their favourite haunt. In
central Chile these birds are migratory; they make their appearance
there in autumn; the first arrival which I observed was on the 14th of
April (corresponding to our October) but by the 20th they were numerous.
They stay throughout the winter, and begin to disappear in September: on
October 12th, in the course of a long walk, I saw only one individual.
During the period of their summer migration, nests were very common in
Chiloe and the Chonos Island, countries south of Chile. When this
species of _Trochilus_ migrates southward, it is replaced in Chile by a
larger kind, which will be presently described. The migration of the
humming birds on both the east[20] and west coasts of North America,
exactly corresponds to that which takes place in the southern half of
the continent. In both they move towards the tropic during the colder
parts of the year, and retreat poleward before the returning heat. Some,
however, remain during the whole year in Tierra del Fuego; and in
northern California,—which in the northern hemisphere, has this same
relative position which Tierra del Fuego has in the southern,—some,
according to Beechey, likewise remain. Near the south end of Chiloe, I
found on the 8th of December, a nest with eggs nearly hatched. It was of
the ordinary form of nests; rather more than an inch in internal
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