My specimens were obtained from Banda Oriental and Buenos Ayres; I saw it no further southward. Spix says (Birds of Brazil, vol. i. p. 51.) it inhabits Minas Geraes. They frequent open plains and especially rocky ground. They are rather wild, and generally live three or four together. The tail of these ground woodpeckers seems but little used; their beaks, however, were generally muddy to the base: in the stomach of one I found only ants. Their flight is undulatory like that of the English woodpecker, and their loud cry is likewise similar, but each note more separate. They alight on the branch of a tree, horizontally, in the manner of ordinary birds; but occasionally I have seen one clinging in an upright position to a post. They appear to feed exclusively on the ground. COLAPTES CHILENSIS. _Vigors._ Picus Chilensis, _Garnot_, Voy. de la Coquille, Zool. pl. 52. This bird frequents the dry stony hills of central Chile, on which only a few bushes and trees grow. It is closely related in habits and structure to the foregoing species, and appears to be its representative on the western side of the Cordillera; hence I cannot but think the institution of the above two genera unfortunate. It is the “_Pitui_” of Molina, which name, I imagine, it derives from its peculiar cry. Molina states, that it builds its nest in holes in banks. 1. DIPLOPTERUS NÆVIUS. _Boie._ Cuculus nævius, _Lath._ Ind. 220. Rio de Janeiro. April. 2. DIPLOPTERUS GUIRA. _G. R. Gray._ Cuculus guira, _Linn._ Crotophaga Piririgua, _Vieil._ Gal. des Ois. pl. 44. Ptiloleptus cristatus, _Swains._ Buenos Ayres. In small flocks; a noisy, chattering bird. CROTOPHAGA ANI. _Linn._ Petit Bout-de-Petun, pl. enl. 102. f. 2. Rio de Janeiro. May. The stomach of several specimens contained remains of numerous Orthopterous, and some Coleopterous insects. ORDER GYRATONES. _Bonap._ 1. COLUMBA FITZROYII. _King._ Columba Fitzroyii, _King._, in Proc. of Zool. Soc. part 1, 1830, p. 14. Columba denisea, _Temm._ pl. col. 502. Columba araucana, _Less._ Voy. de Coqu. pl. 40.? Peninsula of Tres Montes. Lat. 46° S. January. Captain King’s specimens were obtained at Chiloe, three degrees northward. I procured other specimens near Valparaiso. This bird therefore frequents dry rocky land, and damp impervious forests. [Illustration: _Birds. Pl. 46._ _Zenaida Galapagoensis._ ] 2. COLUMBA LORICATA. _Licht._ Vög. Verz. s. 67. Columba gymnophthalmus, _Temm._, Pig. i. 18. —— leucoptera, _Pr. Max._ Reise, 2, p. 242. —— picazuro, _Temm._ Pig. p. 111. Picazuro, _Azara_, Voy. No. 317.