[31] The contradiction thus involved is well put by Prof. E. D. Roe, of Oberlin, O., in Bibliotheca Sacra, Oct., 1894: "This law (autonomy) pre-supposes the freedom of the will, for without freedom 'oughtness,' 'responsibility' and 'repentance' would possess no significance. Every one, as the necessarians admit, acts under the idea of freedom. Their hypothesis to explain this is, that the subject acts under illusion (necessary illusion, of course). But here an hypothesis is necessary to explain the hypothesis. Why, if necessity is the truth, is the subject necessitated to believe falsity? A very strange truth it is which necessitates itself to be disbelieved." Pp. 656, 657. [32] See Introduction to the Study of Philosophy, by J. H. W. Stuckenberg, D. D. (Armstrong & Sons, New York, 1888), pp. 321, 322. [33] Metaphysics, Lect. VIII. [34] See Dr. McCosh's Defense of Fundamental Truth, Chap. X, 3. [35] First Principles, Chap. IV, § 22. [36] Quoted from Dr. McCosh. Fundamental Truths, Chap. X, 3. [37] This is the old apothem: The _ratio cognoscendi_ is grounded in the _ratio essendi_. [38] See A. Alexander's Moral Science, Chap. VII. [39] Brace's The Unknown God (A. C. Armstrong & Son, N. Y.), pp. 1-40; The Oldest Book in the World, in Bibliotheca Sacra, Oct., 1888. [40] Quoted by Prof. Jas. Legge, in The Religions of China, from Confucius's Doctrine of the Mean (Chas. Scribner's Sons, New York), p. 139. [41] Wuttke's Christian Ethics, I, pp. 47-52. [42] Wuttke's Christian Ethics, I, p. 59; Brace's Unknown God, pp. 182-197; S. D. F. Salmond's The Christian Doctrine of Immortality (F. & T. Clark, 1895), Chap. VI. [43] εὐδαιμονία [Greek: eudaimonia]. [44] Republic X, 613a; Theaet., 176. [45] See Wuttke's Christian Ethics, Vol. I, Sec. 14, and Martineau's Types of Ethical Theory, Book I, Branch I. [46] See Luthardt's Christian Ethics (T. & T. Clark), Vol. I, p. 9. [47] ὁμολογουμένως τῇ φύσει ζῆν [Greek: homologoumenôs tê physei zên], Diogenes, L. VII, 87. [48] The quotation, Acts 17:28, is probably from the Phænomena of the Stoic poet Aratus. [49] See Dr. Dorner's System of Christian Doc., II, p. 14. [50] See Horace, Book III, Ode III. Sophocles' Œdipus Tyrannus, lines 863-871. Peter Bayne's Testimony of Christ to Christianity, p. 44. [51] Prof. Borden P. Bowne designates this teaching as "the goods ethics." Principles of Ethics (Harper & Bros.), Ch. I. [52] Moral and Political Philosophy, Chap. VI. [53] See pp. 133-137. [54] Herbert Spencer, Data of Ethics, § 45. [55] What is Reality? by Francis Howe Johnson (Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston), pp. 475-498.