Theory & History of HistoriographyCroce, Benedetto
Philosophy
Theory & History of Historiography
Croce, Benedetto
Historiography
This enumeration can be both lengthened and ended with the mention of a
sixth preconception, relating to _philosophical exposition._ Owing to
this, philosophy is expected to have either an architectural form, as
though it were a temple consecrated to the Eternal, or a warm poetical
form, as though it were a hymn to the Eternal. But these forms were
part of the old content, and that form is now changed. Philosophy
shows itself to be a dilucidation of the categories of historical
interpretation rather than the grandiose architecture of a temple or a
sacred hymn running on conventional lines. Philosophy is discussion,
polemic, rigorous didactic exposition, which is certainly coloured
with the sentiments of the writer, like every other literary form,
able also at times to raise its voice (or on the other hand to become
slight and playful, according to circumstances), but not constrained to
observe rules which appear to be proper to a theological or religious
content. Philosophy treated as methodology has, so to speak, caused
philosophical exposition to descend from poetry to prose.
All the preconceptions, habits, and tendencies which I have briefly
described should in my opinion be carefully sought out and eliminated,
for it is they that impede philosophy from taking the form and
proceeding in the mode suitable and adequate to the consciousness of
the unity with history which it has reached. If we look merely at
the enormous amount of psychological observations and moral doubts
accumulated in the course of the nineteenth century by poetry, fiction,
and drama, those voices of our society, and consider that in great part
it remains without critical treatment, some idea can be formed of the
immense amount of work that falls to philosophy to accomplish. And if
on the other hand we observe the multitude of anxious questions that
the great European War has everywhere raised--as to the state, as to
history, as to rights, as to the functions of the different peoples, as
to civilization, culture, and barbarism, as to science, art, religion,
as to the end and ideal of life, and so on--we realize the duty of
philosophers to issue forth from the theologico-metaphysical circle in
which they remain confined even when they refuse to hear of theology
and metaphysic. For notwithstanding their protests, and notwithstanding
the new conception accepted and professed by them, they really remain
intellectually and spiritually attached to the old ideas.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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