Theory & History of HistoriographyCroce, Benedetto
Philosophy
Theory & History of Historiography
Croce, Benedetto
Historiography
At that time thought deserts mythological history and its ruder
form, prodigious or miraculous history, and enters earthly or human
history--that is to say, the general conception that is still ours, so
much so that it has been possible for an illustrious living historian
to propose the works of Thucydides as an example and model to the
historians of our times. Certainly that exit and that entrance did
not represent for the Greeks a complete breaking with the past; and
since earthly history could not have been altogether wanting in the
past, so it is not to be believed that the Greeks from the sixth and
seventh centuries onward should have abandoned all faith in mythology
and prodigies. These things persisted not only with the people and
among lesser or vulgar historiographers, but also left their traces
among some of the greatest. Nevertheless, looking at the whole from
above, as one should look at it, it is evident that the environment
is altogether changed from what it was. Even the many fables that we
read in Herodotus, and which were to be read in the logographs, are
rarely (as has been justly observed) put forward ingenuously, but are
usually given as by one who collects what others believe, and does
not for that reason accept those beliefs, even if he does not openly
evince his disbelief; or he collects them because he does not know
what to substitute for them, and rather as matter for reflection
and inquiry: _quæ nec confirmare argumentis neque refellere in animo
est,_ as Tacitus says, when he recounts the fables of the Germans:
_plura transcribo quam credo,_ declared Quintus Curtius. Herodotus is
certainly not Voltaire, nor is he indeed Thucydides (Thucydides, 'the
atheist'); but certainly he is no longer Homer or Hesiod.
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