Theory & History of HistoriographyCroce, Benedetto
Philosophy
Theory & History of Historiography
Croce, Benedetto
Historiography
The divinity descends again to mingle anthropomorphically with the
affairs of men, as a most powerful or ultra-powerful personage among
the less powerful; the gods are now the saints, and Peter and Paul
intervene in favour of this or that people; St Mark, St Gregory,
St Andrew, or St January lead the array of the combatants, the one
vying with the other, and sometimes against the other, playing
malicious tricks upon one another; and in the performance or the
non-performance of an act of worship is again placed the loss or gain
of a battle: medieval poems and chronicles are full of such stories.
These conceptions are analogous to the antique, and indeed they are
their historical continuation. This is not only so (as has so often
been pointed out) owing to the attachment of this or that particular
of ancient faith to popular religion and to the transformation of
gods into saints and demons, but also, and above all, to a more
substantial reason. Ancient thought had left fortune, the divinity,
the inscrutable, at the edge of its humanism, with the result that
the prodigious was never completely eliminated even from the most
severe historians--the door at any rate was left open by which it
could return. All are aware with how many 'superstitions' philosophy,
science, history, and customs were impregnated during late antiquity,
which in this respect was not intellectually superior, but indeed
inferior, to the new Christian religion. In the latter the fables
gradually formed and miracles which were believed became spiritualized
and ceased to be 'superstitions'--that is to say, something extraneous
or discordant to the general humanistic conception--and set themselves
in harmony with the new supernaturalistic and transcendental
conception, of which they were the accompaniment. Thus myth and
miracle, becoming intensified in Christianity, became at the same time
different from ancient myths and miracles.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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