Theory of the Earth, With Proofs and Illustrations, Volume 1 (of 4)Hutton, James
Science
Theory of the Earth, With Proofs and Illustrations, Volume 1 (of 4)
Hutton, James
Geology -- Early works to 1800
We are now to assimilate the primary and tertiary masses, which are so
extremely different, by means of the secondary masses, which is the
mean. The primary and tertiary differ in the following respects: The one
of these contains the relicts of organised bodies which are not observed
in the other. But in the species containing these distinguishable
bodies, the natural structure and position of the mass is little
affected, or not so much as to be called into doubt. This, however, is
not the case with the other; the species in which organised bodies do
not appear, is in general so indurated or consolidated in its structure,
and changed in its position, that this common origin of those masses is
by good naturalists, who have also carefully examined them, actually
denied. Now, the secondary masses may be considered, not only as
intermediate with respect to its actual place, as M. Pallas has
represented it, but as uniting together the primary and tertiary, or as
participating of the distinguishing characters of the other two. It
is homologated with the primitive mountains, in the solidity of its
substance and in the position of its strata; with the tertiary species,
again, in its containing marks of organised bodies. How far this view
of things is consistent with the theory of the earth now given, is
submitted to the consideration of the unprejudiced.
Let us see what our learned author has said farther on this subject,
(page 65).
"Je dois parler d'un ordre de montagnes très-certainement postérieur aux
couches marines, puisque celles-ci, généralement lui servent de base.
On n'a point jusqu'ici observé une suite de ces _montagnes tertiaires_,
effet des catastrophes les plus modernes de notre globe, si marquée
et si puissante, que celle qui accompagne la chaine Ouralique ou côté
occidentale fur tout la longueur. Cette suite de montagnes, pour la
plupart composées de grais, de marnes rougeâtres, entremêlées de couches
diversement mixtes, forme une chaîne par-tout séparée par une vallée
plus ou moins large de la bande de roche calcaire, dont nous avons
parlé. Sillonnée et entrecoupée de fréquens vallons, elles s'élève
souvent à plus de cent toises perpendiculaires, se répand vers les
plaines de la Russie en traînées de collines, qui séparent les rivières,
en accompagnant généralement la rive boréale ou occidentale, et dégénère
enfin en déserts sableux qui occupent de grands espaces, et s'étendent
surtout par longues bandes parallèles aux principales traces qui suivent
les cours des rivieres. La principale force de ces montagnes tertiaires
est plus près de la chaîne primitive par-tout le gouvernement
d'Orenbourg et la Permie, ou elle consiste principalement en grais, et
contient un fond inépuisable de mines de cuivre sableuses, argileuses,
et autres qui se voient ordinairement dans les couches horizontales.
Plus loin, vers la plaine, sont des suites de collines toutes marneuses,
qui abondent autant en pierres gypseuses, que les autres en minerais
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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