Now, these lofty rocks or pointed mountains must have been either originally formed of that shape, or posteriorly hewn out by the hand of nature, gradually wasting mountains in the course of time, and operations of the surface. If it is by the first that we are to explain the present state of things, then observation is superfluous, and our reasoning is at an end; for, when even observation should not contradict the proposition, which it actually does, it would be useless, as it can afford no data from a former state, which is supposed to have been no other than it is at present; and reasoning cannot be admitted if we have no data. Therefore, if we are to reason upon the subject, we are obliged to admit, that nature must have hollowed out of the solid rock all those pyramidal mountains, and a system of inclined valleys carrying the ice from the summits. Let us now reason from our principles, in order to see how far the present appearances of things would naturally result from those wasting causes acting upon a mass of granite, of a given basis and of sufficient height, during a space of time which is unlimited. We are to suppose our mass of granite without any structure except that of the veins and cutters, formed by the contraction of the solid mass in cooling. Now, those separations will naturally give direction to the operation of the wasting causes, whether we consider these as chymical or mechanical. Hollow tracts would thus be formed in the solid mass; in those hollow ways would flow the water, carrying the detached portions of the rock; and those hard materials, by their attrition upon the solid mass, would more and more increase the channels in which they move. Thus there would be early formed a system of valleys in this rock, and among those valleys a number of central points, or summits over which no running water would carry hard materials to operate upon the solid rock over which it flows. Here therefore, in the nature of things, is placed the rudiments of our needles, those colossal pyramids which acquire height gradually as the valleys widen, and whose _apices_ may arrive at an angle of a certain degree of acuteness. But what a waste of rock to have formed all those needles which we find rising from the icy valleys round Mount Blanc!