Theory of the Earth, With Proofs and Illustrations, Volume 2 (of 4)Hutton, James
Science
Theory of the Earth, With Proofs and Illustrations, Volume 2 (of 4)
Hutton, James
Geology -- Early works to 1800
Having thus shown, that the Rhône had in the course of time hollowed
out its way from the central mountain of the _St. Gothard_ through the
extensive valley of the _Vallais_ we may still further trace the marks
of its operation in the more open country towards the lake. It is an
observation which M. de Saussure made in his way from the valley of the
Rhône to Geneva.
«§ 1090. La grande route de Bex à Villeneuve suit toujours le fond de la
vallée du Rhône, en côtoyant les montagnes qui bordent la droite ou le
coté oriental de cette vallée. Ces montagnes sont en général de nature
calcaire, mais on voit à leur pied, jusques auprès de la ville d'Aigle,
située à une lieue et demi de Bex, la continuation des collines de gypse
qui renferment les sources salées.
«§ 1091. A l'opposite de ces collines, au couchant de la grande route,
on voit sortir du fond plat de la vallée deux collines allongées dans
le sens de cette même vallée. Ces collines sont l'une et l'autre d'une
pierre calcaire dure et escarpées presque de tous les côtes. L'une la
plus voisine de Bex, ou la plus méridionale, se nomme _Charpigny_,
l'autre _Saint Tryphon._
«Il paroît évident que ces rochers isolés au milieu de cette large
vallée sont de noyaux plus dures et plus solides qui ont résisté aux
causes destructrices par lesquelles cette vallée à été creusé. Ils ne
sont cependant pas exactement de la même nature, et surtout pas de la
même structure; car celui de _Saint Tryphon_ est composé de couches
régulières, horizontales ou à-peu-près telles, tandis que celui de
_Charpigny_ a les siennes très-inclinées et souvent dans un grand
désordre.»
In M. de Saussure's Journey to the Alps, we have now seen a description
of the shape that had been given to things, by those operations in which
strata had been consolidated and elevated above the sea; nothing but
disorder and confusion seems to have presided in those causes, by which
this mass of continent had been exposed to the sight of men; and nature,
it would appear, had nothing in view besides the induration, the
consolidation, and the elevation of that mass into the snowy regions of
the atmosphere. From the descriptions now given, we see the operation of
the waters upon the surface of the earth; we perceive a regular system
of mountains and valleys, of rivulets and rivers, of fertile hills and
plains, of all that is valuable to the life of man, and that which is
still more valuable to man than life, viz. the knowledge of order in
the works of nature, and the perception of beauty in the objects that
surround him.
Let us now turn our view to distant regions, and see the effect of
causes which, being general, must be every where perceived.
CHAP. XII.
_The Theory illustrated, by adducing examples
from the different Quarters of the Globe_
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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