Here are to be observed two states of country along side of each other, the plain of the Bogota, and the Valley of the Madalena. The courses of the two rivers show the direction of those ridges of mountains which had been raised from the deep; they run south and north, as do those valleys which they drain. At this place we find the valley of the river Cauca, and the valley of the Magdalena parallel to each other, and also to this high plain of the Bogota. Now the waters of this high country, instead of running northward to the sea, as do those of the two valleys below, run both from the south and north until, uniting together, they proceed westward, break the rampard of granite rocks at Tekendama, and fall at once from the high plain down into the valley of the Madalena. Those water formed plains which we perceive subsisting at unequal levels immediately adjoining to each other, while they present us with a view of the degradation of the elevated earth, at the same time illustrate the indefinite duration of a continent; for, we judge not of the progress of things from the actual operations of the surface, which are too slow for the life of man, and too vague for the subject of his history, but from the state of things which we contemplate with a scientific eye, and from the nature of things which we know to be in rule. In like manner the horizontal situation of the solid strata in the mountains of that low country, while those of the high country are more or less inclined, afford the most instructive view of the internal operations of the globe, by which the Andes had been raised from the bottom of the sea, and of the external operations of the earth by which mountains are formed by the wasting of the elevated surface. With this description of those high plains upon the north side of the line, let us compare what D. Ulloa has said upon the same subject in describing the continuation of that high country to the south. I shall give it from the best French translation. It is after describing a cut or narrow ravine in the solid rock with perpendicular sides, about forty yards deep, in which a rivulet runs and the road passes.