Things to be Remembered in Daily Life: With Personal Experiences and RecollectionsTimbs, John
Philosophy
Things to be Remembered in Daily Life: With Personal Experiences and Recollections
Timbs, John
Encyclopedias and dictionaries
Dictionary English is something very different not only from common
colloquial English, but even from that of ordinary written
composition. Instead of about 40,000 words, there is probably no
single author in the language from whose works, however voluminous,
so many as 10,000 words could be collected. Of the 40,000 words
there are certainly many more than one-half that are only employed,
if they are ever employed at all, on the rarest occasions. We should
any of us be surprised to find, if we counted them, with how small a
number of words we manage to express all that we have to say either
with our lips or even with the pen. Our common literary English
probably hardly extends to 10,000 words, our common spoken English
hardly to 5000. And the proportion of native or home-grown words is
undoubtedly very much higher in both the 5000 and the 10,000 than it
is in the 40,000. Perhaps of the 30,000 words, or thereabouts,
standing in the dictionaries, that are very rarely or never used,
even in writing, between 20,000 and 25,000 may be free of French or
Latin extraction. If we assume 22,500 to be so, that will leave 5000
Teutonic words in common use; and in our literary English, taken at
10,000 words, those that are non-Roman will thus amount to about
one-half. Of that half 4000 words may be current in our spoken
language, which will therefore be genuine English for four-fifths of
its entire extent. It will consist of about 4000 Gothic and 1000
Roman words.[83]
The Rev. Dr. D’Orsey has shown, by coloured charts and elaborate tables,
the proportion of the Teutonic and Romanic elements in the spoken
language of England, and in the writings of our great authors. Thus, out
of 100,000 words, at least 60,000 were Teutonic, 30,000 Romanic, and
10,000 from all other sources.
It would be almost impossible to compose a sentence of moderate length
consisting solely of words of Latin derivation. But there are many which
can be rendered wholly in Anglo-Saxon. It would be easy to make the
Lord’s Prayer entirely, as it is in present use almost entirely,
Anglo-Saxon. It consists of sixty words, and six of these only have a
Latin root. But for each of them, except one, we have an exact Saxon
equivalent. For “trespasses” we may substitute “sins;” for “temptation,”
“trials;” for “deliver,” “free;” and for “power,” “might.” Dr. Trench
proposes for “glory,” “brightness;” but this we think is not a good
substitute.
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