On method, the amount of literature is even more imposing than that
on the psychology of reasoning. Probably the most thorough book is
Stanley Jevon’s _The Principles of Science_, though this, consisting
of two volumes, will require quite some ambition to attack. A good
recent short work is J. A. Thomson, _Introduction to Science_.
Herbert Spencer’s short essay, _An Element in Method_, in his
_Various Fragments_ might also be mentioned. Of those works treating
method mainly from a corrective standpoint, I have already mentioned
Jevon’s _Elementary Lessons in Logic_. _The_ authoritative and most
comprehensive book on logic is still John Stuart Mill’s great tome. Of
course this list of books on method, as well as that on the psychology
of reasoning, cannot pretend to be more than merely suggestive. If the
reader desires an extensive bibliography in either of these subjects he
will probably find it in one of the books mentioned.
On doubt and belief, William Clifford, _The Ethics of Belief_, and
William James, _The Will to Believe_, might be read. The viewpoints of
the two essays are in almost direct contradiction.
On reading, Alexander Bain’s _The Art of Study_, in his _Practical
Essays_, will be found useful. Bacon’s essay _On Studies_, which is not
more than a couple pages long, contains more concentrated wisdom on the
subject than is to be found anywhere.
On subjects most worth thinking about, the reader cannot do better than
read Herbert Spencer’s essay _What Knowledge is of Most Worth?_ in his
_Education_. As to books most worth reading, consult the lists of John
Morley, Sir John Lubbock, and Frederic Harrison; Sonnenschein’s _Best
Books_ (in two volumes); Baldwin’s _The Book Lover_; Dr. Eliot’s _Five
Foot Shelf_ and Frank Parson’s _The World’s Best Books_, previously
referred to.
On the art of living—the art of planning time so as to have room for
thinking, as well as valuable hints as to how that thinking is to be
carried out—consult Arnold Bennett, _How to Live on Twenty-four Hours a
Day_, and E. H. Griggs, _The Use of the Margin_ (both very, very small
books).
Finally, there is much useful material, as well as incalculable
inspiration, to be obtained from the intellectual and literary
biographies of great thinkers. Especially is this true of
autobiography. Among others may be mentioned the autobiographies of
John Stuart Mill and Herbert Spencer, and an autobiographical fragment
by Charles Darwin.
FOOTNOTES:
[ 1] See Herbert Spencer, _Education_.
[ 2] Pillsbury, _Essentials of Psychology_.
[ 3] _Principles of Psychology_, Vol. II, p. 332.
[ 4] See William A. Scott, _Money_.
[ 5] _How We Think._
[ 6] _Autobiography_, Vol. I, p. 463.
[ 7] _Autobiography._
[ 8] Hugh Elliot, _The Letters of John Stuart Mill_.
[ 9] Essay, _Over-Legislation_.
[10] _The Conduct of the Understanding._
[11] _The Will to Believe._
[12] _Autobiography._
[13] _Science and Education._
[14] T. Sharper Knowlson, _The Art of Thinking_.
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